延安时期对陕北说书的改造及其启示研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 04:42

本文选题：延安时期 + 陕北说书　；参考：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从历史与现实两个维度,以中国近现代史基本问题的研究视角,研究与探索被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录的陕北说书的传承、改造、创新与发展问题。首先系统梳理了陕北说书的历史演变、内容特色与艺术特征。指出其是陕北地域文化的“活化石”、陕北农村民间的“叙事诗”。作为陕北民间的一种说唱艺术,其内容生动详实的反映了当时当地人民群众的生活和价值观。同时,也是陕北广大人民群众,特别是乡村农民了解和认识中国历史的主要渠道,以及乡村伦理道德培育的主要方式。由于其是民间历史,乡村伦理道德的主要传播者和培育者,加之其语言、音乐及表演形式极富陕北特色,所以非常受陕北群众,特别是乡村农民的喜爱,成为陕北民间主要的艺术形式,具有传承、改造、创新与发展的重大价值。延安时期是陕北说书发展史上的里程碑,延安时期对陕北说书的改造对于陕北说书的发展具有承上启下的重要作用。延安时期对陕北说书的改造具有陕甘宁边区政府的成立、新民主主义文化的思想理论与方针政策、文化工作的统一战线政策、延安整风运动与新民主主义文化的发展和陕北说书当时的发展状况等方面的历史前提。离开这些前提就不可能有对陕北说书的改造与创新。延安时期对陕北说书的改造主要是沿着文艺大众化、“旧瓶装新酒”、专业文艺工作者的指导帮助、党的领袖的亲自关怀指导,以及以陕北民间说书大师韩起祥等作为典范与榜样,这样的逻辑关系展开,既取得了辉煌的成就,也不可避免地具有历史局限。其基本经验表现在五个方面:民间艺术的改造必须坚持正确地指导思想;民间艺术的改造必须扎根于人民群众的现实生活;民间艺术的改造必须依靠民间艺人、尊重传统、保持基本的艺术特色;民间艺术的改造首先是对民间艺人的思想的改造,核心是表现内容的改造;民间艺术的改造要以提高民间艺人的政治经济地位为基础。通过田野调查,在理清陕北说书发展现状的基础上,我们发现陕北说书的发展现状不容乐观。存在着后继无人、没有创作队伍、难以占领城市舞台等问题和困境。要解决这些问题和困境,必须回望延安时期对陕北说书改造的历史,从延安时期寻求力量、信心、经验与启示。必须重视陕北说书的发展,坚持文化自信,坚持陕北说书的自信;采用两条腿走路的方针,演出团体既有官办,又有民办,而且主力军是民办团体;将陕北说书与陕北的旅游项目结合起来,在尊重原有艺术特色的基础上,大胆创新,与时俱进;采取政府购买的形式,像扶持戏曲一样,政府采购剧本,提供给民间说书团体演出;提高艺人们的政治经济地位,利用政府引导,让年轻人看到说书艺人的光明前景。
[Abstract]:From the two dimensions of history and reality, this paper studies and explores the inheritance, transformation, innovation and development of the narrative books of Northern Shaanxi, which are included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage, from the perspective of the basic problems of Chinese modern and modern history. First of all, it systematically combs the historical evolution, content characteristics and artistic features of the narrative books in Northern Shaanxi. It is pointed out that it is a living fossil of regional culture in northern Shaanxi and a narrative poem of rural folk in northern Shaanxi. As a kind of folk rap art in Northern Shaanxi, its contents vividly reflect the life and values of the local people at that time. At the same time, it is also the main channel for the broad masses of people, especially the rural peasants, to understand and understand the history of China, and the main way to cultivate rural ethics and morality. Because it is a folk history, the main disseminator and cultivator of rural ethics and morality, plus its language, music and performance forms are extremely rich in the characteristics of Northern Shaanxi, it is very popular among the masses of Northern Shaanxi, especially rural farmers. As the main folk art form in Northern Shaanxi, it has great value of inheritance, transformation, innovation and development. Yan'an period is a milestone in the history of the development of the storytelling in Northern Shaanxi. The transformation of the storytelling in the Yanan period plays an important role in the development of the storytelling in Northern Shaanxi. The transformation of the narrative books in northern Shaanxi during Yan'an period included the establishment of the government of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region, the ideological theory and principles and policies of the new democratic culture, and the United front policy of cultural work. The historical premise of Yan'an rectification movement and the development of new democratic culture and the development of the narrative of Northern Shaanxi at that time. Without these premises, it is impossible to reform and innovate the narrative books in Northern Shaanxi. During the Yan'an period, the transformation of the narrative books in northern Shaanxi was mainly along the lines of the popularization of literature and art, the "old bottles of new wine", the guidance and assistance of professional writers and artists, and the personal care and guidance of the party leaders. Taking Han Qixiang, a folk storyteller in Northern Shaanxi, as a model and example, such logical relations have not only made brilliant achievements, but also inevitably have historical limitations. Its basic experience is manifested in five aspects: the transformation of folk art must adhere to the correct guiding ideology, the transformation of folk art must take root in the real life of the masses of the people, the transformation of folk art must rely on folk artists and respect tradition, The transformation of folk art should be based on the improvement of the political and economic status of folk artists. Based on the field investigation, we find that the present situation of the development of the storytelling in Northern Shaanxi is not optimistic. There are no successor, no creative team, difficult to occupy the city stage and other problems and dilemmas. In order to solve these problems and difficulties, we must look back at the history of Yan'an 's reform of the narrative books in Northern Shaanxi, and seek strength, confidence, experience and enlightenment from the Yan'an period. We must attach importance to the development of the storytelling in Northern Shaanxi, insist on cultural self-confidence and confidence in the storytelling of Northern Shaanxi, adopt the policy of walking on two legs, the performing groups are both official and private, and the main force is the non-governmental organizations. Combining the storytelling of Northern Shaanxi with tourism projects in northern Shaanxi, on the basis of respecting the original artistic characteristics, boldly innovating and keeping pace with the times; taking the form of government purchase, like supporting opera, the government buys scripts. To perform in folk storytelling groups; to raise the political and economic status of artists and to use government guidance to show young people the bright future of storytellers.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J826;K26

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