改革开放以来我国台球运动的演进

发布时间：2018-06-23 10:44

本文选题：改革开放 + 台球　；参考：《北京体育大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来我国台球运动作为“非奥项目”中成功的代表,在我国体育中占有重要地位。演进鲜有从“运动单项”视角进行的研究,对台球的各类研究也不多见。与我国大历史近乎同步的台球运动,在自身规律和政治、经济、文化的作用下,呈现出独特的演变轨迹。该研究是一份梳理、记录台球的史料；有利于增进社会对其的理解,拓展台球自身文化空间；有利于为台球在学校教育、竞技体育、大众体育等方面的发展提供可行性的参考及依据；更有利于给其他“非奥项目”以启示。本文利用文献资料法、访谈法、专家问卷调查法等研究方法,对改革开放以来我国台球运动的演进进行了全面分析和研究,结论如下：1.改革开放以来台球运动的演进,以天鹅宾馆邀请赛和自创台球桌为兴起契机,呈现出了萌芽性、舶来性和主动性的特征及规律；随着中台协成立和央视直播健牌杯等标志性的“第一次”,大众-俱乐部、器材-赛事、学校的这一良性发展循环被打开,进入快速发展期。也开始走向制度化、项目分化、形象异化的轨道；职业化至丁俊晖夺冠之前,无论是竞技赛事、大众赛事,还是球馆、球具,虽出现了一些逆流,但演进中呈现出的徘徊与前进,排斥与融合仍是当时的主导特点；丁俊晖的明星效应是台球大繁荣的原动力。爆发式增长背后,是泡沫经济、土洋之争等问题；2012年后,五站斯诺克排名赛落户中国,中国成为世界台球的又一中心。这一阶段是理性、深入发展期,在平衡垄断与发展中,整个运动趋向成熟。2.我国台球竞技体育呈现出从兴起、规范化、地区化到职业化、专业化再到爆发式增长、扩张最后到国际化的流变轨迹；大众体育则展现出从探索、原创到低质量快速发展、遇冷求变再到普及化、全民化最后平稳过渡到融合化、多样化的渐变路径；学校教育方面,表现出从前瞻性地试探、摸索逐渐到正视、接纳再到迅速普及、引入最后到流行并加以巩固的演进规律。这三条线路,既独立存在,又在特定阶段同步、交互,共同勾勒出改革开放以来我国台球运动的嬗变轨迹。3.通过审视这一演进,得出启示：更好地发展需统一子项目与规则；充分重视本土明星；非奥项目要多与社会资本合作,以大众体育为突破口；新兴项目引入,要主动简化、本土化；运动项目应主动寻求跨界；项目引进前充分考虑自身条件、国情等内外部因素；体育项目观赏性与参与性应分开对待；避免低质量的快速发展；运动发展离不开在高校的推广普及。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, billiards in our country as a successful representative of "non-Olympic events", play an important role in China's sports. There are few researches on the evolution from the angle of individual sport, and there are few researches on billiards. The billiards movement, which is nearly synchronized with the great history of our country, shows a unique evolution track under the action of its own law, politics, economy and culture. This research is a combing, recording the history of billiards; it is beneficial to enhance the understanding of the society, expand the cultural space of billiards; it is conducive to billiards in school education, competitive sports, The development of mass sports and other aspects of the reference and basis for the feasibility of other "non-Olympic projects" to enlighten. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and research on the evolution of billiards in China since the reform and opening up by using the methods of literature, interview and expert questionnaire. The conclusion is as follows: 1. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the evolution of billiards has taken the swan hotel invitational match and the self-made billiards table as the rising opportunity, showing the characteristics and rules of germination, import and initiative. With the establishment of the China-Taiwan Association and CCTV live broadcast of the "first time", mass-club, equipment-event, the school's virtuous cycle of development has been opened, into a period of rapid development. Also began to go to the track of institutionalization, project differentiation, image alienation; professionalization until the Ding Junhui won the title, whether it was a competitive event, a mass competition, or a stadium, a golf kit, although there was some counter-current. However, the dominant characteristics of the evolution are lingering and advancing, exclusion and fusion, and the star effect of Ding Junhui is the driving force of billiards prosperity. Behind the explosive growth are the bubble economy, the battle between the mainland and the foreign countries; after 2012, five snooker rankings settled in China, and China became another center of billiards in the world. This stage is rational, in-depth development period, in the balance of monopoly and development, the whole movement tends to mature. 2. China's billiards competitive sports show a rheological trajectory from rise, standardization, regionalization to professionalization, specialization to explosive growth, expansion to internationalization; mass sports show a rapid development from exploration, originality to low quality. In the case of cold change and popularization, the final smooth transition of the whole people to integration, diversification of the path of gradual change; school education, showing from a forward-looking trial, groping gradually to face up to face, acceptance and then rapid popularization, The law of evolution that is introduced and consolidated at the end of the day. These three lines exist independently, synchronize and interact at a specific stage, and together outline the evolution track of billiards movement in China since the reform and opening up. By examining this evolution, we can draw inspiration: better development requires unifying subprojects and rules; giving full attention to local stars; non-Olympic projects should work more with social capital, taking mass sports as a breakthrough; and new projects should be introduced to take the initiative to simplify, Localization; sports should actively seek to cross the border; before the introduction of the project fully consider their own conditions, national conditions and other internal and external factors, sports appreciation and participation should be treated separately, to avoid the rapid development of low quality; Sports development can not be separated from the popularization of colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G893

【参考文献】