我国初中公民教育目标：历史、现状和重构

发布时间：2018-06-30 18:08

本文选题：公民 + 公民教育　；参考：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代公民教育是在资产阶级革命后,随着近代资本主义国家在宪法中对公民身份与公民地位的确立而衍生的。随着政治、经济、文化的不断发展,公民教育受到了世界各国的广泛关注。我国于19世纪末20世纪初引入了公民的理念,经过了一个多世纪的演进与发展,公民教育体系已基本形成。公民教育的目标是公民教育体系中的重要组成部分,它规定着培养出的公民的规格与质量。初中阶段的公民教育承担着为未来国家培养合格公民的重要责任,对这一阶段的学生开展公民教育,既可以为学生毕业后踏入社会做好准备,也能为学生以后接受高等教育奠定基础。研究初中阶段的公民教育目标的历史演进、现状以及重构,不仅可以理清初中公民教育目标发展的脉络,把握公民教育目标的演进的趋势,明确新时期公民教育目标面临的挑战,还可以进一步了解公民教育发展的现状与问题,进而对初中阶段的公民教育目标进行重构,为培养出更具时代特征、更符合社会发展要求的未来公民奠定良好的基础。要全面了解初中公民教育目标的现状,就必须明晰初中公民教育目标的历史演进,了解公民教育目标的演进趋势。我国初中的公民教育目标大致经历了四个发展阶段,由培养“国民”到培养“政治公民”,由培养“政治公民”到培养“道德公民”,由“道德公民”的培养再到“现代公民”的培养。从公民教育目标的历史演进中,我们可以发现公民教育目标日益注重公民道德的培养,在未来的公民教育目标中会强化对公民意识的培养,政府政策在引领公民教育目标的建构方面的作用日益增强。要建构更为完善的初中公民教育目标,就必须全方位的把握我国现阶段的初中公民教育目标面临的挑战与现状。全球化、政治民主化、社会公共化以及多元文化的发展对我国初中公民教育目标提出了严峻的挑战。现阶段的学校公民教育目标却缺乏应对这种挑战的因素。由于受公民教育目标演进历程的影响,公民教育目标中过分注重对个体私德与政治意识形态的培养,缺乏对公民意识与公德意识的培养；注重对学生价值观维度的培养,缺乏技能维度的培养。公民教育目标面临的这些挑战与问题,要求对公民教育目标进行重构。要培养出符合时代发展要求的未来公民,就必须针对初中公民教育目标现存问题及面临的挑战,理清个体与国家、个体与社会、个体与世界的关系,在遵循时代性、适应性、国际化、本土化原则的基础上,从认知、态度价值观及技能的维度来对初中阶段的公民教育目标进行重构。
[Abstract]:After the bourgeois revolution, modern civic education is derived from the establishment of citizenship and citizenship in the constitution of modern capitalist countries. With the development of politics, economy and culture, civic education has been paid more and more attention all over the world. China introduced the concept of citizen in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. After more than a century of evolution and development, the civic education system has been basically formed. The goal of civic education is an important part of civic education system. The civic education in junior middle school undertakes the important responsibility of cultivating qualified citizens for the future country. To carry out civic education for the students in this stage can not only prepare students for entering the society after graduation. It can also lay the foundation for students to receive higher education in the future. To study the historical evolution, present situation and reconstruction of civic education goals in junior high school can not only clarify the context of the development of civic education goals in junior high schools, but also grasp the evolution trend of civic education goals. By defining the challenges facing the goal of civic education in the new period, we can further understand the present situation and problems of the development of civic education, and then reconstruct the goal of civic education in the junior middle school, so as to cultivate a more contemporary characteristic. More in line with the needs of social development of future citizens to lay a good foundation. In order to fully understand the present situation of civic education goal in junior high school, it is necessary to understand the historical evolution of civic education goal in junior high school and the evolution trend of civic education goal. The goal of civic education in junior high school in our country has undergone four stages of development, from cultivating "national" to "political citizen", from cultivating "political citizen" to cultivating "moral citizen". From the cultivation of "moral citizen" to the cultivation of "modern citizen". From the historical evolution of the goal of civic education, we can find that the goal of civic education pays more and more attention to the cultivation of civic morality, and will strengthen the cultivation of civic consciousness in the future of the goal of civic education. Government policy plays an increasingly important role in guiding the construction of civic education goals. In order to construct a more perfect goal of civic education in junior high school, we must grasp the challenge and present situation of the goal of civic education in junior high school. Globalization, political democratization, social publicity and the development of multiculturalism pose a severe challenge to the goal of civic education in junior high schools in China. At the present stage, the goal of civic education in schools lacks the factors to meet this challenge. Due to the influence of the evolution of civic education goals, too much attention has been paid to the cultivation of individual private morality and political ideology, the lack of civic awareness and public moral consciousness, and the cultivation of students' values. Lack of skills dimension training. These challenges and problems faced by the goal of civic education require the reconstruction of the goal of civic education. In order to cultivate future citizens who meet the needs of the development of the times, we must aim at the existing problems and challenges facing the goal of civic education in junior high schools, clarify the relationship between individuals and countries, between individuals and society, between individuals and the world, and follow the times and adapt to the times. On the basis of the principles of internationalization and localization, the goal of civic education in junior high school is reconstructed from the dimensions of cognition, attitude, values and skills.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G631

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