论我国计算机软件的专利法保护

发布时间：2018-07-06 14:52

本文选题：计算机软件 + 著作权法　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的发展，电子计算机和因特网的普及，计算机软件已经成为我们日常生活中必不可少的用品，软件产业也成为当今世界经济发展的一大支柱产业。良好的法律保护是这个产业发展的前提，而对于软件的法律保护，起初存在着争议，原因在于软件的一个重要法律特性：软件兼具作品性和功能性，作品性主要体现在软件是由计算机语言编写的，其源代码形态与文字作品十分相似，因此有人主张用著作权法保护软件；软件的功能性主要体现在软件的设计主要是解决日常生产生活中出现的实际问题，这也是软件主要价值的体现，因此有人主张用专利法或单独立法保护软件。作为当时软件产品最大出口国，美国为了本国软件企业的利益，选择并鼓动其他国家用著作权法保护软件作品，，基于美国当时在全球的政治、经济、文化上的影响力，很快各国修订了本国的著作权法，将软件纳入著作权法保护范围。然而，随着软件的发展，著作权法保护软件的劣势慢慢体现出来，根据思想表达二分法，著作权法只保护作品的表达而不保护作品的思想，这就造成了仿制软件核心思想的侵权行为无法得到制裁。面对著作权法无法保护软件作品的核心思想的缺陷，人们想到了用专利法来弥补这一缺陷，但软件在很多人看来是一种数学算法、一种智力活动的规则和方法，而专利法不保护自然法则与智力活动的规则和方法，因此软件，至少是软件本身不能成为专利法保护客体。在笔者看来，软件本身不是数学算法，它是数学算法的表达，它也不是专利法上所称的“智力活动的规则和方法”，因为软件在设计完成后投入使用中并不需要人的智力活动参与其中，它和专利法的其他保护客体一样应该受到专利法保护。美国、日本和欧洲的专利法先后开放对软件产品进行保护，但保护的程度不同，美国和日本的专利法对软件的保护程度较高，欧洲则次之。经过多年的司法案例的考验和立法制度的改变，这些国家和地区都制定了适合本国软件发展的法律。我国由于计算机技术起步较晚，软件的专利法保护发展也较晚，但由于我国近些年来经济突飞猛进的发展，软件产业也得到了蓬勃发展，但专利法对软件的保护程度还是非常低，因此笔者在本文中创造性地对我国软件的专利法保护制度提出完善建议，其中包括将软件本身纳入专利法保护范围、对商业方法软件采取保护、缩短软件专利审查期限等，这些建议若被采纳将会给予软件更良好的专利法保护，为软件产业的更好、更快的发展提供全面的法律保障。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization and the popularization of computer and Internet, computer software has become an indispensable part of our daily life, and the software industry has become a pillar industry of the world economic development. Good legal protection is the premise of the development of this industry, but the legal protection of software is controversial at first, because of one of the important legal characteristics of software: software is both work and function. Works are mainly reflected in the software is written by computer language, its source code is very similar to the form of writing, so some people advocate to use copyright law to protect the software; The function of software is mainly reflected in the design of software, which is mainly to solve the practical problems in daily production and life, which is also the embodiment of the main value of software. Therefore, some people advocate to protect software by patent law or separate legislation. As the largest exporter of software products at that time, the United States chose and encouraged other countries to use copyright law to protect software works for the benefit of its own software companies, based on the political, economic and cultural influence of the United States in the world at that time. Soon, countries amended their copyright laws to bring software into the scope of copyright law protection. However, with the development of software, the disadvantages of software protection in copyright law gradually manifest. According to the dichotomy of expression of thought, copyright law only protects the expression of the work, not the idea of the work. This resulted in the imitating software core idea of the infringement can not be punished. Faced with the defect that copyright law cannot protect the core idea of software works, people think of patent law to remedy this defect, but software is regarded by many people as a mathematical algorithm, a rule and method of intellectual activity. Patent law does not protect the rules and methods of natural law and intellectual activity, so software, at least software itself, cannot be the object of patent law protection. In my opinion, software itself is not a mathematical algorithm, it is the expression of a mathematical algorithm, and it is not the "rules and methods of intellectual activity" in patent law. Because the software does not require human intellectual activity to be used after the design is completed, it should be protected by patent law just like other protected objects of patent law. The patent laws of the United States, Japan and Europe have opened up the protection of software products, but the degree of protection is different. The patent laws of the United States and Japan have a higher degree of protection of software, followed by Europe. After many years of judicial cases and legislative system changes, these countries and regions have formulated laws suitable for the development of their own software. Due to the late start of computer technology and the late development of software patent law in China, the software industry has been booming due to the rapid economic development in recent years. However, the degree of software protection in patent law is still very low. Therefore, in this paper, the author creatively puts forward some suggestions to perfect the patent law protection system of software in our country, including bringing the software itself into the scope of patent law protection. To protect the business method software and shorten the time limit of software patent examination, if these suggestions are adopted, it will give software better patent law protection, and provide comprehensive legal protection for the better and faster development of software industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.42

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