超越民族主义:“多元一体”的清代中国——对“新清史”的回应

发布时间：2018-07-16 22:29

【摘要】：美国汉学界兴起了"新清史"的研究潮流,提出"内亚史观"——认为来自内陆亚洲(蒙古、新疆、中亚、西藏等地区)的政治文化资源在清朝国家建构中产生了至关重要的影响。这一研究质疑了中国近代以来形成的"少数民族必将被中华文化所同化"的历史叙述方式,并对从秦汉到明清朝代更替与延续的大一统中华的历史叙事提出了尖锐挑战。历史叙述,自古以来在中国不仅仅存在着求真的知识性面向,也发挥着塑造和凝聚国家观念和政治认同的现实功能,充当着塑造共同体意识的"民族和历史神话"的角色。因此,"新清史"虽然只是学术流派的一种,但是其背后的争论实际上涉及了中国的文明主体性问题,也关涉到现代中国的国家建构问题。本期所刊发的张志强先生的文章在某种意义上是对新清史的一种回应。作者从"多元一体"出发对"大一统"进行重新解释的努力,其更为深远的背景,是对中国历史的重新理解。近代以来,史观的每一次的嬗变都折射出中国政治经济处境的现实变化:19世纪后期,在救亡图存的背景下传统史学凋敝、进步史观涌现;革命胜利之后的50年代,兴起的是"阶级斗争取代王侯将相"革命史观改造国史的浪潮;到了80年代,与融入世界的期待相伴的,是借用"他者的视野"来定位自身,以引入《剑桥中国史》为代表,重构中国史叙述。到了今天,中国现实处境的变化,再度激荡起重述历史的冲动,以期构想未来。从这个意义上来说,本文仅仅只是一系列努力的一个开篇。《文化纵横》杂志将持续关注和支持思想界的这项工作。
[Abstract]:The research trend of "New Qing History" rose in the Sinology circles of the United States, and put forward the "Neiya Historical View", which is believed to come from inland Asia (Mongolia, Xinjiang, Central Asia, etc.) The political and cultural resources of Tibet and other regions played a vital role in the construction of the Qing Dynasty. This research questioned the historical narration of "ethnic minorities must be assimilated by Chinese culture" since modern China, and put forward a sharp challenge to the historical narration of the great unification of China from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Historical narration, since ancient times, not only has the knowledge orientation of seeking truth in China, but also plays the realistic function of shaping and condensing the national concept and political identity, and plays the role of "national and historical myth" in shaping the consciousness of community. Therefore, although the "New Qing History" is only one of the academic schools, the controversy behind it actually involves the subject of civilization in China and the construction of the country in modern China. Zhang Zhiqiang's article published in this issue is in a sense a response to the new Qing history. The author's efforts to reinterpret "Unification" from the point of view of "pluralistic integration" have a more profound background and are a reinterpretation of Chinese history. Since modern times, every evolution of historical view reflects the realistic change of China's political and economic situation. In the late 19th century, under the background of saving the nation from the dead, the traditional historiography declined and the progressive historical view emerged, and in the 1950s after the victory of the revolution, What is rising is the tide of "class struggle replacing the king" in transforming the historical view of revolution. In the 1980s, the expectation of integrating into the world was accompanied by the use of "the vision of the other" to position oneself, as represented by the introduction of "Cambridge History of China". Reconstructing the narrative of Chinese history. Today, the change of reality in China is stirring up the urge to restate history again in order to conceive the future. In this sense, this paper is only the beginning of a series of efforts.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院哲学研究所;
【分类号】：K249

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