八八象棋的演化传播研究
发布时间：2018-07-26 09:14
【摘要】：本研究采用文献资料法、比较分析法、专家访谈法、历史研究法等方法，以八八象棋的演化传播为研究对象，从八八象棋产生的背景和传播的动因入手，对八八象棋演化传播的途径、方向路线以及演变的棋戏等方面进行研究，得出以下结论： 八八象棋产生的背景：北周武帝制《象经》出现“象戏”一词，后因其难解，无法得到上层阶级的重视和提倡，为满足讨取统治者的欢心，八八象棋便在北周象戏的基础之上创制而成，遵循其着法而改良棋局，使之更简单更易掌握，从而形成了以8×8黑白方格交织而成的棋局，寓意八八六十四卦；以将、士、象、马、车、卒6个兵种效仿的古代官僚体制的棋子；每个棋子都有着自己的走法，且行棋、摆放均在格中进行的一种模拟战争的体育游戏。 八八象棋传播的动因：南北朝时期的民族大融合，消除了胡汉隔阂，促进了各民族文化的交流，这是八八象棋能在少数民族地区传播的先决条件；其次，唐宋时期，国家社会安定和谐统一，人们有更多休闲娱乐的时间，八八象棋作为一种较安静的益智性游戏，能满足孩童、妇女、男子等各个阶层的的需求，使其在国内流行；同时，唐宋时期的政治经济文化的兴盛，造就了“万邦来朝”学习中国文化，八八象棋作为中国优秀文化的一支，又有着强大政治经济的支撑，使其顺利的向外传播。 八八象棋传播的途径：陆上丝绸之路、海上丝绸之路和茶马古道是八八象棋向外传播的主要途径通道，其中，陆上丝绸之路是中国开辟的最早的与国外贸易往来的通道，至唐代更是空前繁荣，其起始京都长安，从新疆出境，至中亚、西亚地区，远达欧洲红海岸；海上丝路是继陆上丝路后开辟的新航道，，是中国与东亚、东南亚及南亚等沿海诸国来往的重要渠道；茶马古道是中国西南地区与东南亚各国交往的主要途径，也是连接内陆中原地区与西南边境的交通要道；八八象棋随这三条向外交流的交通枢纽传播到日本、朝鲜、缅甸、泰国、波斯等国家。 八八象棋传播的方向：八八象棋自发明以来，就以国内似蜘蛛网的繁密的交通线路，发散式的向全国各地传播，在此基础上，以东、南、西、北四个大方向传播延伸到国外，向东传播到朝鲜、日本；向南传播到马来西亚、泰国、越南、柬埔寨等国家；向西传播到印度、波斯、阿拉伯地区，远至东欧国家；向北传播到北方少数民族统治的国家地区，八八象棋传播到这些地方并逐步演化成各种大同小异的象棋。 八八象棋传播演化的棋戏：中国象棋、日本将棋、朝鲜象棋、马来象棋、缅甸象棋、泰国象棋、国际象棋等棋戏一一与八八象棋相比较得之，虽然有些差异，但却有着相似的棋局、相近的兵种、相似的着法，可见这些棋戏都是由八八象棋演变而来，有部分八八象棋的影子，又融合自身本国的文化而最终定型成各种特色的棋戏，有着性格鲜明的地域及时代特色，折射出了不同民族国家的文化背景和文化差异，虽呈现出不同的样貌，但却有着源与流的关系。
[Abstract]:In this study, the methods of literature, comparative analysis, expert interview and historical research are used to study the evolution and communication of 88 chess. From the background of the 88 chess and the motivation of communication, the way of the evolution and transmission of the 88 chess, the direction route and the evolvement of chess play are studied, and the following conclusions are drawn. :
The background of 88 chess: the word "elephant opera" appeared in the emperor's system of Emperor Wudi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because of its difficulty, the upper class could not get the attention and promotion of the upper class. In order to satisfy the happiness of the rulers, the 88 chess was created on the basis of the Northern Zhou Xiangxi, and followed its method to improve the chess game, so that it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was easier to master and thus form a more simple and easier mastery. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. A chess game made of 8 x 8 black-and-white squares, meaning the eight eight sixty four diagrams; a chess piece of the ancient bureaucracy that follows the 6 arms of a man, a horse, a horse, a car, and a pawn; each piece has his own way of walking, and plays a game in which it is played in a simulated battle.
The motivation of the 88 chess spread: the national great fusion of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the elimination of the Hu Han estrangement and the promotion of the cultural exchange of all nationalities, which is the prerequisite for the spread of the 88 chess in the minority areas; secondly, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the state society is stable and harmonious, the people have more leisure and entertainment time and 88 chess as a kind. The quieter puzzle game can meet the needs of all classes of children, women and men and make it popular in China. At the same time, the prosperity of the political economy and culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties has brought up the Chinese culture of "ten thousand states", and the 88 chess is one of the excellent Chinese culture and has a strong political and economic support. The profits spread out.
The way of the 88 chess spread: the land Silk Road, the Sea Silk Road and the tea horse road are the main channels to spread the 88 chess. Among them, the land silk road is the earliest route opened by China to trade with foreign countries. It is more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty, and its beginning of Changan, from Xinjiang, to Central Asia, and Western Asia As far as the European red coast is, the sea silk road is a new channel opened after the land silk road. It is an important channel for China and East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia and other coastal countries. The tea horse road is the main way of communication between south-east China and Southeast Asia, and the main road connecting the inland Central Plains and the southwest border; 88 Chess is spread to Japan, North Korea, Burma, Thailand, Persia and other countries with these three outward communication hubs.
The direction of 88 chess spread: since the invention of chess, 88 chess has spread to all parts of the country with the dense traffic lines like spider web in China. On this basis, it spread abroad in four directions, East, South, West and North, and spread eastward to North Korea, Japan, and South to Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Kampuchea and so on. The country; spread westward to India, Persia, Arabia, from far to Eastern European countries; north to the northern minority rule of the country, 88 chess is spread to these places and gradually evolved into all kinds of chess.
88 chess, the Chinese chess, the Japanese chess, the Korean chess, the Malay chess, the Burma chess, the Thailand chess, the chess, and other chess play are compared with the 88 chess. Although there are some differences, they have similar chess games, similar types of war, similar methods, and these play are all evolved from the 88 chess. The shadow of part of the 88 chess, which combines the culture of its own country, is finally finalized into a variety of features. It has distinct characteristics of the region and the characteristics of the times, reflecting the cultural and cultural differences of different nationalities and countries. Although they have different features, they have the relationship between the source and the flow.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G891.1
本文编号：2145547
[Abstract]:In this study, the methods of literature, comparative analysis, expert interview and historical research are used to study the evolution and communication of 88 chess. From the background of the 88 chess and the motivation of communication, the way of the evolution and transmission of the 88 chess, the direction route and the evolvement of chess play are studied, and the following conclusions are drawn. :
The background of 88 chess: the word "elephant opera" appeared in the emperor's system of Emperor Wudi in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Because of its difficulty, the upper class could not get the attention and promotion of the upper class. In order to satisfy the happiness of the rulers, the 88 chess was created on the basis of the Northern Zhou Xiangxi, and followed its method to improve the chess game, so that it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was easier to master and thus form a more simple and easier mastery. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. Thus, it was simpler and more easy to master. A chess game made of 8 x 8 black-and-white squares, meaning the eight eight sixty four diagrams; a chess piece of the ancient bureaucracy that follows the 6 arms of a man, a horse, a horse, a car, and a pawn; each piece has his own way of walking, and plays a game in which it is played in a simulated battle.
The motivation of the 88 chess spread: the national great fusion of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the elimination of the Hu Han estrangement and the promotion of the cultural exchange of all nationalities, which is the prerequisite for the spread of the 88 chess in the minority areas; secondly, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the state society is stable and harmonious, the people have more leisure and entertainment time and 88 chess as a kind. The quieter puzzle game can meet the needs of all classes of children, women and men and make it popular in China. At the same time, the prosperity of the political economy and culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties has brought up the Chinese culture of "ten thousand states", and the 88 chess is one of the excellent Chinese culture and has a strong political and economic support. The profits spread out.
The way of the 88 chess spread: the land Silk Road, the Sea Silk Road and the tea horse road are the main channels to spread the 88 chess. Among them, the land silk road is the earliest route opened by China to trade with foreign countries. It is more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty, and its beginning of Changan, from Xinjiang, to Central Asia, and Western Asia As far as the European red coast is, the sea silk road is a new channel opened after the land silk road. It is an important channel for China and East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia and other coastal countries. The tea horse road is the main way of communication between south-east China and Southeast Asia, and the main road connecting the inland Central Plains and the southwest border; 88 Chess is spread to Japan, North Korea, Burma, Thailand, Persia and other countries with these three outward communication hubs.
The direction of 88 chess spread: since the invention of chess, 88 chess has spread to all parts of the country with the dense traffic lines like spider web in China. On this basis, it spread abroad in four directions, East, South, West and North, and spread eastward to North Korea, Japan, and South to Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Kampuchea and so on. The country; spread westward to India, Persia, Arabia, from far to Eastern European countries; north to the northern minority rule of the country, 88 chess is spread to these places and gradually evolved into all kinds of chess.
88 chess, the Chinese chess, the Japanese chess, the Korean chess, the Malay chess, the Burma chess, the Thailand chess, the chess, and other chess play are compared with the 88 chess. Although there are some differences, they have similar chess games, similar types of war, similar methods, and these play are all evolved from the 88 chess. The shadow of part of the 88 chess, which combines the culture of its own country, is finally finalized into a variety of features. It has distinct characteristics of the region and the characteristics of the times, reflecting the cultural and cultural differences of different nationalities and countries. Although they have different features, they have the relationship between the source and the flow.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G891.1
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