中国农村现代化模式研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 16:23

【摘要】：现代化虽是一个舶来的概念，，但是一个不可抗拒的历史潮流。中国农村的现代化走过了一个简单模仿到自主探索的过程，当前的农村现代化本质上是中国人民自主探索中国特色社会主义道路的一个部分，在理论上和实践上都具有重要意义。在收集、整理了大量的资料后，本文在解释什么是中国农村现代化的基础上，紧紧围绕中国农村现代化这一主题，集中论述了三个问题。中国农村现代化走过了一个怎样的历史道路？当前的中国农村现代化进程出现了什么样的问题？中国农村现代化应该怎样走下去？本文认为中国农村现代化是中国农村由传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变的历史过程，它以1840年第一次鸦片战争为历史起点；以富强、民主、文明为总体目标；以经济的工业化、信息化和知识化，政治的法制化和民主化，文化和价值观的多元化，剩余劳动力的非农化、职业化，农村的城镇化、城乡的一体化为主要内容，是经济和社会全面发展、整体推进、协调运作的系统综合进程。自1840年鸦片战争以来，农村现代化历史走过了6个时期，它们分别是：清末时期（1840-1912）农村现代化的萌芽、民国时期（1912-1937）农村现代化缓慢发展、战争时期（1937-1952）农村现代化停滞，计划经济时期（1952-1978）农村现代化曲折发展、双轨制时期（1978-1992）制度红利下农村经济的活跃，和中国特色社会主义市场经济时期（1992-今）农村现代化的非均衡发展。时至今日，中国农村现代化取得了一定的成绩，但是也出现了形形色色的问题，体现在经济、政治、文化、价值观和农民个体的各个方面。当前中国农村现代化的核心问题在于如何发展农村经济，增加农民收入。而促使农村增收，必然要减少农民数量，顺利让农民工“进城”，把一部分农业生产者变为消费者，这样不但能整合农村土地资源也会使农民摆脱“谷贱伤农”的市场魔咒。但是由于我国大部分地区工业化水平正处在初级、中级阶段，制造业企业仍然紧紧依靠价格优势，无法提高农民工的收入，加之一些制度性因素的阻碍，农民工群体仍然无法顺利在城市安家落户。由此导致当前农村现代化徘徊不前，出现了这样那样的问题，表现在农村政治、经济、文化等各个方面。在总结中国农民自主探索农村现代化发展模式的基础上，本文提出了中国农村现代化的三种模式，分别是以工业化主导的农村现代化模式、以农业现代化为主导的农村现代化模式和以服务业为主导的农村现代化模式。
[Abstract]:Modernization is an imported concept, but an irresistible historical trend. The modernization of China's rural areas has gone through a process of simple imitation to self-exploration. In essence, the current rural modernization is a part of the Chinese people's independent exploration of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is of great significance both in theory and in practice. After collecting and sorting out a great deal of data, this paper, on the basis of explaining what is the modernization of China's rural areas, focuses on three problems, focusing on the theme of Chinese rural modernization. What kind of historical road has China's rural modernization gone through? What are the problems in the current process of rural modernization in China? How should China's Rural Modernization continue? This paper holds that the modernization of China's rural areas is the historical process of the transformation from the traditional agricultural society to the modern industrial society. It takes the first Opium War in 1840 as the historical starting point, the prosperity, the democracy and the civilization as the overall goal. The main contents are industrialization of economy, informationization and knowledge, legalization and democratization of politics, diversification of culture and values, non-agriculture, professionalization of surplus labor force, urbanization of rural areas and integration of urban and rural areas. Economic and social development in an all-round way, the overall promotion, coordinated operation of the integrated process of the system. Since the Opium War of 1840, the history of rural modernization has gone through six periods. They are: the germination of rural modernization in the late Qing Dynasty (1840-1912), the slow development of rural modernization in the Republic of China (1912-1937), and the stagnation of rural modernization in the war period (1937-1952). During the planned economy period (1952-1978), the rural modernization developed zigzag, the rural economy was active under the system dividend during the two-track system period (1978-1992), and the unbalanced development of the rural modernization in the period of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics (1992-present). Up to now, China's rural modernization has made some achievements, but there are also a variety of problems, reflected in the economy, politics, culture, values and individual farmers in all aspects. At present, the core problem of China's rural modernization lies in how to develop rural economy and increase farmers' income. To increase rural income, it is necessary to reduce the number of farmers, let peasant workers "go into the city" smoothly, and turn some agricultural producers into consumers. In this way, not only can rural land resources be integrated, but also farmers can get rid of the market magic of "untouchable grain and untouchable agriculture". However, due to the fact that the industrialization level in most areas of our country is in the primary and intermediate stages, manufacturing enterprises are still closely dependent on price advantages and cannot raise the income of migrant workers, together with the obstacles of some institutional factors. Migrant workers are still unable to settle down in the city smoothly. As a result, the current rural modernization hesitates and problems arise, such as rural politics, economy, culture and so on. On the basis of summing up the development mode of rural modernization, this paper puts forward three modes of rural modernization in China, one of which is the one dominated by industrialization, and the other is the mode of rural modernization, which is dominated by industrialization. Agricultural modernization is the leading mode of rural modernization and service industry is the leading mode of rural modernization.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D422.6

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