宋代未立市舶机构港口之海外贸易

发布时间：2018-08-04 16:09

【摘要】：受政治经济形势影响,熙丰之前宋朝仅为掌控海外贸易资源以补充财用,粗放管理海外贸易,允许未立市舶机构港口实行直航贸易。熙丰之时,宋朝为了最大限度地垄断海外贸易资源,强化市舶司职能,将发舶和住舶港口限定在三个设立市舶司的港口集中管理,未立市舶机构港口只能进行转口贸易。熙丰之后,朝廷采取务实态度经营海外贸易,但是只允许位于南海贸易中转站的海南岛享有住舶权可进行直航贸易以补贴地方财政,其余未立市舶机构港口依然只能实行转口贸易。为了节约行政成本和人力成本,未立市舶机构港口海外贸易由地方政府兼管,仅保留稽查、征税、经营、救护四个基本职能以维持海外贸易的基本运行。未立市舶机构港口的海外贸易虽然被逐步边缘化,但不失为市舶贸易的延伸和补充。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the political and economic situation, before Xifeng, the Song Dynasty used only to control the overseas trade resources to supplement the money, to manage overseas trade extensively, and to allow the direct shipping trade to be carried out in the ports without shipping agencies. In order to monopolize the overseas trade resources to the maximum extent and strengthen the functions of the Shipbuilding Department, the Song Dynasty limited the ship and ship ports to the centralized management of the three ports in which the Shipbuilding Department was established, and the ports without the Ship-ship agencies could only carry on the re-export trade. After Xifeng, the court took a pragmatic approach to overseas trade, but only allowed Hainan Island, which is located at the South China Sea trade transfer station, to enjoy the right to live in direct shipping trade to subsidize local finance. The rest of the ports without a shipping agency can only carry out entrepot trade. In order to save the administrative cost and manpower cost, the overseas trade in the port of the unestablished ship organization is managed by the local government concurrently, and only four basic functions of inspection, tax collection, operation and rescue are retained to maintain the basic operation of the overseas trade. Although the overseas trade has been marginalized gradually, it is the extension and supplement of ship trade.
【作者单位】：福建省泉州海外交通史博物馆;
【分类号】：K244

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