西部民族地区地方政府应对群体性事件能力建设研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 19:53
【摘要】：群体性事件是人类社会发展过程中所表现出来的必然和普遍现象。作为一种社会现象,群体性事件产生的根源与一个国家或地区的社会形态、发展阶段、政治制度、经济状况和社会心理等众多因索密切相关。 西部民族地区作为我国特殊的地方行政区域,不仅地理位置特殊,而且是我国少数民族主要集聚地区。改革开放的推进和西部大开发战略的实施,使我国西部民族地区进入了前所未有的快速发展阶段。随着市场化程度的提高,西部民族地区的政治、经济、文化等发生了翻天覆地的变化。这种巨大的变化,一方面,为我国西部民族地区政治稳定提供了强有力的经济基础；另一方面,由于发展的不平衡,导致了一系列发展中的新问题,问题的出现,也必然会对民族地区现行的政治体系、利益分配、传统文化以及社会结构产生剧烈的冲击,甚至产生对抗和抗争。特别是自2008年以来,西部民族地区群体性事件频繁发生,由此造成的经济损失和政治影响极为惨痛,严重地影响了民族地区社会稳定和当地经济社会发展。分析近年来发生在我国西部民族地区的群体性事件,能够清楚地看到,我国西部民族地区的群体性事件,其作用根源,既有各民族社会发展不平衡的基本问题,也有涉及文化、宗教社会生活等方面的多种问题,同时也存在“三股势力”的问题,观察这些问题也必然涉及中国解决民族问题的基本政策和实践效果。在这方面,国内外相关学界的关注程度可谓与日俱增。但是,在研究包括民族问题在内的社会问题时,必须从西部民族地区的现实情况出发,把握当代中国社会的基本矛盾。 中国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,由社会基本矛盾所决定或影响的包括民族问题在内的所有社会问题的解决程度,不可能与先进的制度设计、理想的政策目标完全契合。在解决发生在西部民族地区的群体性事件的实践中,完善制度,充实政策,是充分发挥制度优势和政策效能的必由之路。以具体问题为出发点,把辩证地提出问题、解决问题当作唯一正确的提问方法,是处理问题的关键。因此,在这种现实情况下,如何科学地预防和妥善处理群体性事件,成为西部民族地区地方政府亟需解决的问题。作为社会管理重要主体之一的我国西部民族地区的地方政府,其应对群体性事件的能力如何,直接影响到社会的和谐和稳定,关系到社会经济的发展和进步。 政府应对群体性事件的能力是指政府在危机观念和危机意识的指导下,对可能发生,或已经发生的群体性事件进行有效预测、识别、控制、协调处理的特质和效力。它由多种要素构成,贯穿于政府应急管理的事前、事中、事后各个阶段,是保证政府能有效应对群体性事件的主体条件。从近年来发生在我国西部民族地区的群体性事件的处理情况来看,西部民族地区地方政府危机管理及应对群体性事件的能力还远远不能适应现实的要求,主要表现为：前瞻决策能力不强,组织机构设置还不够合理,预警意识和能力还较弱,控制能力和果断处理能力不足,善后能力水甲亦较低。这些能力缺陷的存在既是由于政府行为受制于环境、体制机制等因素,也有政府机构、领导者自身的原因。如何提高西部民族地区地方政府应对群体性事件的能力,构成了本研究的核心问题。 关于地方政府应对群体性事件的能力这一问题,目前国内外学者已在多个学科领域,通过多种视角进行了相关或相近的研究,并形成了较为系统的研究成果,主要包括政府危机管理能力理论、社会冲突理论、治理理论等。这些理论对探讨群体性事件的本质、政府危机管理以及如何提升地方政府应对群体性事件的能力均具有指导性的意义,故藉以作为本研究的理论支撑。而从现实因素看,我国西部民族地区群体性事件的频繁发生,与我国现今的政治影响因素、经济水平、社会发展程度和文化传统等方面的地区差异分不开。因此,分析现阶段西部民族地区政治、经济、文化、宗教、民族关系、社会发展中存在的矛盾与问题,分析发生在西部民族地区具有“标本性”的典型事件,并依据这些事件发生的不同情景及事件演进的不同阶段,把握政府应对群体性事件须具备的能力系统及系统中各要素,同时基于实证研究,客观评价西部民族地区地方政府应对群体性事件的能力现状及存在的差距,亦成为论证过程中不可或缺的逻辑环节。 由此,西部民族地区地方政府应对群体性事件能力水平的提高,必须摆脱“就事论事”的逻辑思维。必须清楚地意识到,能力水平的提高,不是“头痛医头”、“脚痛医脚”的权宜之计,而是一个全方位的系统工程。这一系统工程的建设,既需要寻它山之石的借鉴,也需要本土各项事业的推进以及制度、体制及机制的完善,同时需要具体路径选择上的合理可行；西部民族地区地方政府治理群体性事件能力的提高,不仅要从视野上拓展目前的治理范式,更应该拓展治理理念。必须清楚地认识到：群体性事件的有效治理,其治理主体不仅包括政府,而且也包括社会,只有社会与政府的精诚合作,才能实现对社会危机的真正治理。地方政府只有自觉地加大各相关要素的整合力度,高度重视现有的层出不穷的社会矛盾之根本,并逐步将矛盾的解决纳入制度化、常态化的轨道,才能使其成为推动经济社会发展的良性力量,从而在更高层面、更广范围上谋求地方政府应对群体性事件能力水平的提高,促进社会的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:As a social phenomenon, the causes of mass incidents are closely related to the social forms, development stages, political systems, economic conditions and social psychology of a country or region.
As a special local administrative region of our country, the western minority areas not only have special geographical position, but also are the main areas where the minority nationalities gather. With the promotion of reform and opening up and the implementation of the western development strategy, the western minority areas of our country have entered an unprecedented stage of rapid development. Great changes have taken place in regional politics, economy and culture. On the one hand, these tremendous changes have provided a strong economic foundation for political stability in the western minority areas of our country; on the other hand, the imbalance of development has led to a series of new problems in the development, and the emergence of these problems will inevitably lead to the current situation in the minority areas. The political system, the distribution of interests, the traditional culture and the social structure have exerted violent impacts, even antagonism and resistance. Especially since 2008, the mass incidents in the western minority areas have occurred frequently, resulting in extremely painful economic losses and political effects, seriously affecting the social stability of the minority areas and the local economic and social development. The analysis of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years shows clearly that the causes of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China are not only the basic problems of the unbalanced social development of various nationalities, but also many problems concerning culture, religious social life and so on. At the same time, there are "three forces". "To observe these problems will inevitably involve the basic policies and practical effects of solving ethnic problems in China. In this regard, the attention of the relevant academic circles at home and abroad is growing day by day. The basic contradiction of the meeting.
China will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the degree of solution of all social problems, including ethnic problems, determined or influenced by the basic social contradictions will not be fully in accordance with the advanced system design and the ideal policy objectives. To enrich the policy is the only way to give full play to the advantages of the system and the effectiveness of the policy. Starting from specific problems, dialectical raising of problems and solving problems as the only correct way to ask questions are the key to deal with the problems. Therefore, under such a realistic situation, how to prevent and properly handle mass incidents scientifically has become the western ethnic group. As one of the important subjects of social management, the ability of local governments in ethnic minority areas in Western China to deal with mass incidents has a direct impact on social harmony and stability, and on the development and progress of social economy.
The government's ability to deal with mass incidents refers to the government's ability to effectively predict, identify, control and coordinate the occurrence of mass incidents under the guidance of the concept of crisis and crisis awareness. It proves that the government can effectively deal with the main conditions of mass incidents. From the handling of mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years, the ability of local governments in crisis management and dealing with mass incidents in the western minority areas is far from being able to meet the needs of the reality, mainly manifested in the following aspects: weak ability of forward-looking decision-making, group. The organizational structure is not reasonable enough, the awareness and ability of early warning is weak, the ability of control and decisive treatment is insufficient, and the ability of rehabilitation is also low. The ability of the government to deal with group incidents constitutes the core issue of this study.
As for the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents, scholars at home and abroad have conducted relevant or similar studies in many disciplines and domains from various perspectives, and formed relatively systematic research results, mainly including the theory of government crisis management ability, social conflict theory, governance theory and so on. The nature of mass incidents, government crisis management and how to enhance the ability of local governments to respond to mass incidents are of guiding significance, so as to provide theoretical support for this study. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contradictions and problems existing in the political, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic relations and social development of the western minority areas at the present stage, and to analyze the typical incidents with "specimens" in the western minority areas according to the different feelings of these incidents. In view of the different stages of the event evolution, grasping the ability system and the elements of the system that the government must have to deal with the group events, and based on the empirical study, objectively evaluating the present situation and the existing gap of the local government's ability to deal with the group events in the western minority areas has become an indispensable logical link in the process of demonstration.
Therefore, the local governments in the western minority areas must get rid of the logical thinking of "putting things on their own" to improve their ability to deal with mass incidents. It needs not only the reference of other hills but also the promotion of local undertakings and the perfection of system, system and mechanism, as well as the reasonable and feasible choice of specific paths. The improvement of the ability of local governments in the western minority areas to govern mass incidents should not only expand the current governance paradigm from the perspective, but also expand the governance theory. We must clearly realize that the effective governance of mass incidents includes not only the government but also the society. Only by the sincere cooperation between the society and the government can the real governance of social crisis be realized. Only by institutionalizing and normalizing the solution of social contradictions, can it become a benign force to promote economic and social development, so as to improve the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents at a higher level and in a wider range, and promote the harmonious development of society.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D631.43
本文编号：2194803
[Abstract]:As a social phenomenon, the causes of mass incidents are closely related to the social forms, development stages, political systems, economic conditions and social psychology of a country or region.
As a special local administrative region of our country, the western minority areas not only have special geographical position, but also are the main areas where the minority nationalities gather. With the promotion of reform and opening up and the implementation of the western development strategy, the western minority areas of our country have entered an unprecedented stage of rapid development. Great changes have taken place in regional politics, economy and culture. On the one hand, these tremendous changes have provided a strong economic foundation for political stability in the western minority areas of our country; on the other hand, the imbalance of development has led to a series of new problems in the development, and the emergence of these problems will inevitably lead to the current situation in the minority areas. The political system, the distribution of interests, the traditional culture and the social structure have exerted violent impacts, even antagonism and resistance. Especially since 2008, the mass incidents in the western minority areas have occurred frequently, resulting in extremely painful economic losses and political effects, seriously affecting the social stability of the minority areas and the local economic and social development. The analysis of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years shows clearly that the causes of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China are not only the basic problems of the unbalanced social development of various nationalities, but also many problems concerning culture, religious social life and so on. At the same time, there are "three forces". "To observe these problems will inevitably involve the basic policies and practical effects of solving ethnic problems in China. In this regard, the attention of the relevant academic circles at home and abroad is growing day by day. The basic contradiction of the meeting.
China will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the degree of solution of all social problems, including ethnic problems, determined or influenced by the basic social contradictions will not be fully in accordance with the advanced system design and the ideal policy objectives. To enrich the policy is the only way to give full play to the advantages of the system and the effectiveness of the policy. Starting from specific problems, dialectical raising of problems and solving problems as the only correct way to ask questions are the key to deal with the problems. Therefore, under such a realistic situation, how to prevent and properly handle mass incidents scientifically has become the western ethnic group. As one of the important subjects of social management, the ability of local governments in ethnic minority areas in Western China to deal with mass incidents has a direct impact on social harmony and stability, and on the development and progress of social economy.
The government's ability to deal with mass incidents refers to the government's ability to effectively predict, identify, control and coordinate the occurrence of mass incidents under the guidance of the concept of crisis and crisis awareness. It proves that the government can effectively deal with the main conditions of mass incidents. From the handling of mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years, the ability of local governments in crisis management and dealing with mass incidents in the western minority areas is far from being able to meet the needs of the reality, mainly manifested in the following aspects: weak ability of forward-looking decision-making, group. The organizational structure is not reasonable enough, the awareness and ability of early warning is weak, the ability of control and decisive treatment is insufficient, and the ability of rehabilitation is also low. The ability of the government to deal with group incidents constitutes the core issue of this study.
As for the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents, scholars at home and abroad have conducted relevant or similar studies in many disciplines and domains from various perspectives, and formed relatively systematic research results, mainly including the theory of government crisis management ability, social conflict theory, governance theory and so on. The nature of mass incidents, government crisis management and how to enhance the ability of local governments to respond to mass incidents are of guiding significance, so as to provide theoretical support for this study. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contradictions and problems existing in the political, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic relations and social development of the western minority areas at the present stage, and to analyze the typical incidents with "specimens" in the western minority areas according to the different feelings of these incidents. In view of the different stages of the event evolution, grasping the ability system and the elements of the system that the government must have to deal with the group events, and based on the empirical study, objectively evaluating the present situation and the existing gap of the local government's ability to deal with the group events in the western minority areas has become an indispensable logical link in the process of demonstration.
Therefore, the local governments in the western minority areas must get rid of the logical thinking of "putting things on their own" to improve their ability to deal with mass incidents. It needs not only the reference of other hills but also the promotion of local undertakings and the perfection of system, system and mechanism, as well as the reasonable and feasible choice of specific paths. The improvement of the ability of local governments in the western minority areas to govern mass incidents should not only expand the current governance paradigm from the perspective, but also expand the governance theory. We must clearly realize that the effective governance of mass incidents includes not only the government but also the society. Only by the sincere cooperation between the society and the government can the real governance of social crisis be realized. Only by institutionalizing and normalizing the solution of social contradictions, can it become a benign force to promote economic and social development, so as to improve the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents at a higher level and in a wider range, and promote the harmonious development of society.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D631.43
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