我国普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 13:37
【摘要】：我国普通高校高水平运动队,是国家优秀运动员培养模式由举国体制的"三级网络"模式向竞技体育院校化模式过渡下的产物。竞技体育事业的发展对于增强国家的凝聚力、提高民族自尊心和自信心都具有不可估量的价值。在某种程度上,它是一个国家政治、经济、文化、科技等综合国力的直接体现,这一点已被世界各国所认可。为了发展竞技体育事业,我国于2000年制定了《奥运争光计划》,并将竞技体育事业发展提高到国家重要议事日程。竞技体育事业的发展,归根结底取决于所培养的优秀运动员的数量和质量。众所周知,优秀运动员的培养过程是一项复杂的系统工程,其不仅受制于运动员、教练员、管理人员以及场馆设施等物质条件的发展水平,还受到一个国家或地区的政治、经济、文化、教育政策和社会需求等因素的制约。这些因素相互作用,共同影响着优秀运动员的培养。随着我国社会由计划经济向市场经济的有效转型和经济型态的转轨,举国体制下"三级网络"模式在优秀运动员培养实践中表现出诸多弊端,如运动员科学文化素质较低、退役就业渠道受阻等,这些问题严重制约着国家竞技体育事业的发展。为解决以上两个问题,原国家教委和体委于1987年提出在我国普通高等院校创办高水平运动队。起初国家创办其的初衷有两个,即为退役运动员提供继续学习和深造的机会和培养具有较高文化素质的优秀运动员。历经27年的发展,目前我国已有275所普通高校进行28个大项目的高水平运动员的招收和培养。然而,通过对普通高校高水平运动队绩效现状调查发现,当前我国普通高校高水平运动队未能真正成为国家竞技体育事业发展的主力军。为探寻造成当前这种现状的原因,本研究采用文献调查、问卷调查、层次分析法、360度分析法、案例研究和等方法和工具,从国家创办普通高校高水平运动队的两个初衷,即培养具有较高文化素质的优秀运动运员人才和为退役运动员就业提供继续深造的机会为视角,对我国7个行政区域15个省市的30所普通高校高水平运动队的四个基本构成要素,即运动员、教练员、管理人员和物质条件进行了相关绩效评价指标的现状调查,并对所收集相关信息进行处理分析、探索存在问题的根源。以期为我国普通高校高水平运动员培养实践提供相应的绩效改进思路、实施方案、策略。全文共由五部分组成:第一部分,我国普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价研究的理论探讨。针对选题,以系统科学为指导,结合国内外有关"普通高校高水平运动队绩效研究"、"普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价研究"和"普通高校高水平运动队评价指标体系研究"三方面已有文献,首先厘清了普通高校优秀运动员培养系统的构成要素,主要包括运动员、教练员、管理人员、物质基础条件,并探讨了各要素间的关系。然后运用绩效改进的思想、流程和方法构建了普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价指标体系,并分析各指标间的相关程度。最后,结合优秀运动员培养系统模型的特点,提出高水平运动队绩效评价遵循的原则,基于此,研究应用了 Matlab数理统计分析软件对其进行评价分析。这部分是本研究的理论基础,为全文提供了思路框架。第二部分,我国普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价指标体系构建。首先,研究以前面章节构建的我国普通高校高水平运动队评价指标体系为基础,结合国家2005年和2010年评估指标体系遴选出绩效评价指标,初步构建出高水平运动队运动员培养绩效评价指标体系模型。通过对该模型的要素及其相互关系进行分析,得到绩效评价指标体系的雏形;其次,为了确保研究的科学性、客观性和研究信度,对该构建的初评价指标群进行德尔菲法筛选,获得最终的普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价指标体系。第三部分,我国普通高校高水平运动队历史沿革、现状及国外优秀运动员培养经验借鉴。研究首先通过大量的文献调研发现,我国普通高校高水平运动队的发展历程基本包括尝试提出阶段、完善规范阶段和新的探索阶段。其次,为了解现状本研究选择了全国范围30支高水平运动队,主要针对规模层次、建设特点、运行模式、运动员现状、教练员现状、管理现状和物质条件等方面进行了现状调查。经分析发现,当前高校高水平运动队仍存在项目设置较全、分布比例不均,运动员"学-训"矛盾问题依然突出,教练员知识结构有待完善等制约高水平运动可持续发展的瓶颈问题,这些问题严重的影响了我国普通高校高水平运动队办队绩效。第四部分,我国普通高校高水平运动队绩效评价实证分析。以筛选出的重要绩效指标为依据,对30个运动队进行问卷调查。研究发现:(1)高水平运动员的比赛成绩取决于运动员的来源途径、竞赛管理和训练效果;(2)竞赛管理,是制约普通高校高水平运动队发展的又一重要因素;(3)训练效果的收益高低直接影响着运动成绩的提高与否;(4)场馆器材等基础条件建设对高水平运动员成绩和训练效果的影响较小,而运动队的医疗监督对运动队绩效影响较大。(5)运动员竞技水平提高的主要因素为运动员的来源途径、高水平运动队的建设规划、竞赛管理制度的合理性、运动员的训练动机和经费支持程度。(6)高水平运动队的绩效排名与其培养的优秀运动员的竞技能力存在很大关系。第五部分我国普通高校高水平运动队建设的绩效改进策略研究。针对实证研究的结果,为了改进高水平运动队的绩效目标,建议应该:(1)正确定位高水平运动队目标,合理规划高水平运动队的建设。(2)修订高水平运动员招收办法,提高运动员的招收级别。(3)群策群力,提升运动员的训练动机。(4)改善场馆等物质条件,增加医疗监督经费支持。(5)提高教练员选聘条件,不断督促教练员专业发展。本研究将企业中绩效技术的思想和流程引入我国普通高校高水平运动队研究,通过绩效评价,尝试探讨影响高水平运动队建设绩效的根本原因。完善当前大学体育工作尤其高水平运动队评价体系缺失的现状。这种跨领域的探索将对我国竞技体育研究和实践具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The high-level sports teams of colleges and universities in China are the product of the transition from the "three-level network" mode of the national system to the institutionalized mode of competitive sports. In order to develop competitive sports, China formulated the "Olympic Glory Program" in 2000, and raised the development of competitive sports to an important national agenda. In the final analysis, the development of competitive sports undertakings, in the final analysis. It is well known that the training process of elite athletes is a complex system engineering, which is not only subject to the level of development of physical conditions such as athletes, coaches, managers and venues and facilities, but also subject to the political, economic, cultural, educational policies of a country or region. With the effective transformation of our society from planned economy to market economy and the transformation of economic pattern, the "three-level network" model under the national system shows many disadvantages in the training practice of elite athletes, such as athletes'scientific culture. In order to solve the above two problems, the former State Education Commission and the Sports Commission proposed in 1987 to set up high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. At first, the state set up two original purposes, that is, to provide continuing education for retired athletes. After 27 years of development, 275 colleges and universities in China have recruited and trained high-level athletes from 28 major events. However, through the investigation of the performance status of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, it is found that the current high-level sports in Colleges and universities in China. In order to find out the reasons for the current situation, this study adopts the methods and tools of literature investigation, questionnaire survey, AHP, 360 degree analysis, case study and so on, from the two original intentions of establishing high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, that is, to cultivate high-level sports teams. From the perspectives of excellent athletes with cultural qualities and opportunities for retired athletes to continue their further study in employment, the present situation of relevant performance evaluation indicators for 30 high-level sports teams in 30 colleges and universities of 15 provinces and cities in 7 administrative regions of China, namely athletes, coaches, managers and material conditions, is studied. This paper is composed of five parts: the first part is the theoretical research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the selected topic, under the guidance of system science, combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad about "the research on the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", "the research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities" and "the research on the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", this paper first clarifies the structure of the training system for elite athletes in Colleges and universities. It mainly includes athletes, coaches, managers, material foundation conditions, and explores the relationship between the various factors. Then it uses the idea of performance improvement, process and methods to construct the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, and analyzes the correlation between the indicators. Finally, it combines with the training system of elite athletes. This part is the theoretical basis of this study and provides a framework for the full text. The second part is the construction of the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Firstly, on the basis of the previous chapters of the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China, combined with the national evaluation index system in 2005 and 2010 to select performance evaluation indicators, preliminarily constructed a high-level sports team athletes training performance evaluation index system model. Secondly, in order to ensure the scientific, objective and reliability of the study, the preliminary evaluation index group was screened by Delphi method, and the final performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities was obtained. the third part, the history of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities in China First of all, through a large number of literature research, it is found that the development process of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China basically includes the stage of attempting to put forward, the stage of perfecting norms and the stage of new exploration. Secondly, in order to understand the status quo, this study selected 30 high-level sports nationwide. Team, mainly in view of the scale level, construction characteristics, operation mode, athletes, coaches, management status and material conditions and other aspects of the status quo investigation. The bottleneck problem of restricting the sustainable development of high-level sports, which seriously affects the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. It is found that: (1) the competition results of high-level athletes depend on the sources and ways of athletes, competition management and training effect; (2) competition management is another important factor restricting the development of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities; (3) the income of training effect directly affects the improvement of sports performance; (4) the basic items such as venues and equipment. Part construction has little influence on the performance and training effect of high-level athletes, but the medical supervision of sports teams has great influence on the performance of sports teams. (5) The main factors for improving athletes'competitive level are the sources and ways of athletes, the construction planning of high-level sports teams, the rationality of competition management system, athletes' training motivation and expenditure. (6) There is a great relationship between the performance ranking of high-level sports teams and the competitive ability of elite athletes. The fifth part is the performance improvement strategy research of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. (2) Revising the methods of recruiting high-level athletes, improving the level of recruiting athletes. (3) Group planning and improving the motivation of athletes. (4) Improving the material conditions such as venues, increasing the financial support for medical supervision. (5) Improving the conditions for selecting coaches and constantly urging coaches to be specialized. In this study, the idea and process of performance technology in enterprises are introduced into the study of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Through performance evaluation, we try to explore the fundamental reasons that affect the performance of high-level sports teams. It will be of great significance to the research and practice of competitive sports in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G807.4
，
本文编号：2207454
[Abstract]:The high-level sports teams of colleges and universities in China are the product of the transition from the "three-level network" mode of the national system to the institutionalized mode of competitive sports. In order to develop competitive sports, China formulated the "Olympic Glory Program" in 2000, and raised the development of competitive sports to an important national agenda. In the final analysis, the development of competitive sports undertakings, in the final analysis. It is well known that the training process of elite athletes is a complex system engineering, which is not only subject to the level of development of physical conditions such as athletes, coaches, managers and venues and facilities, but also subject to the political, economic, cultural, educational policies of a country or region. With the effective transformation of our society from planned economy to market economy and the transformation of economic pattern, the "three-level network" model under the national system shows many disadvantages in the training practice of elite athletes, such as athletes'scientific culture. In order to solve the above two problems, the former State Education Commission and the Sports Commission proposed in 1987 to set up high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. At first, the state set up two original purposes, that is, to provide continuing education for retired athletes. After 27 years of development, 275 colleges and universities in China have recruited and trained high-level athletes from 28 major events. However, through the investigation of the performance status of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, it is found that the current high-level sports in Colleges and universities in China. In order to find out the reasons for the current situation, this study adopts the methods and tools of literature investigation, questionnaire survey, AHP, 360 degree analysis, case study and so on, from the two original intentions of establishing high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, that is, to cultivate high-level sports teams. From the perspectives of excellent athletes with cultural qualities and opportunities for retired athletes to continue their further study in employment, the present situation of relevant performance evaluation indicators for 30 high-level sports teams in 30 colleges and universities of 15 provinces and cities in 7 administrative regions of China, namely athletes, coaches, managers and material conditions, is studied. This paper is composed of five parts: the first part is the theoretical research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. In view of the selected topic, under the guidance of system science, combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad about "the research on the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", "the research on the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities" and "the research on the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities", this paper first clarifies the structure of the training system for elite athletes in Colleges and universities. It mainly includes athletes, coaches, managers, material foundation conditions, and explores the relationship between the various factors. Then it uses the idea of performance improvement, process and methods to construct the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, and analyzes the correlation between the indicators. Finally, it combines with the training system of elite athletes. This part is the theoretical basis of this study and provides a framework for the full text. The second part is the construction of the performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Firstly, on the basis of the previous chapters of the evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China, combined with the national evaluation index system in 2005 and 2010 to select performance evaluation indicators, preliminarily constructed a high-level sports team athletes training performance evaluation index system model. Secondly, in order to ensure the scientific, objective and reliability of the study, the preliminary evaluation index group was screened by Delphi method, and the final performance evaluation index system of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities was obtained. the third part, the history of high-level sports teams in ordinary universities in China First of all, through a large number of literature research, it is found that the development process of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China basically includes the stage of attempting to put forward, the stage of perfecting norms and the stage of new exploration. Secondly, in order to understand the status quo, this study selected 30 high-level sports nationwide. Team, mainly in view of the scale level, construction characteristics, operation mode, athletes, coaches, management status and material conditions and other aspects of the status quo investigation. The bottleneck problem of restricting the sustainable development of high-level sports, which seriously affects the performance of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. The fourth part is the empirical analysis of the performance evaluation of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. It is found that: (1) the competition results of high-level athletes depend on the sources and ways of athletes, competition management and training effect; (2) competition management is another important factor restricting the development of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities; (3) the income of training effect directly affects the improvement of sports performance; (4) the basic items such as venues and equipment. Part construction has little influence on the performance and training effect of high-level athletes, but the medical supervision of sports teams has great influence on the performance of sports teams. (5) The main factors for improving athletes'competitive level are the sources and ways of athletes, the construction planning of high-level sports teams, the rationality of competition management system, athletes' training motivation and expenditure. (6) There is a great relationship between the performance ranking of high-level sports teams and the competitive ability of elite athletes. The fifth part is the performance improvement strategy research of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. (2) Revising the methods of recruiting high-level athletes, improving the level of recruiting athletes. (3) Group planning and improving the motivation of athletes. (4) Improving the material conditions such as venues, increasing the financial support for medical supervision. (5) Improving the conditions for selecting coaches and constantly urging coaches to be specialized. In this study, the idea and process of performance technology in enterprises are introduced into the study of high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities in China. Through performance evaluation, we try to explore the fundamental reasons that affect the performance of high-level sports teams. It will be of great significance to the research and practice of competitive sports in China.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G807.4
，
本文编号：2207454
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