东欧转轨国家养老金改革的比较制度分析

发布时间：2018-08-27 17:50

【摘要】：1989年前后,东欧国家经历了政治体制和经济体制上的双重变化。在政治上,从原来的社会主义向资本主义转变。在经济上,从高度集中的计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变。传统的养老金制度显然不能适应新的政治经济形势的发展。与此同时,东欧国家进入了老龄化社会,据预测未来20年人口老龄化速度最快的地区就是东欧。一方面在转型的过程中经济急剧衰退,另一方面人口老龄化不断加剧,这势必将对其养老金制度产生压力。为了让养老金制度适应新的政治经济的发展,东欧各国纷纷对其养老金制度进行了改革。十一届三中全会后,从计划经济向市场经济的过渡在我国全面展开,因此,我国也有着与东欧国家十分相似的发展经历。我国是一个“未富先老”的国家,即在我国的经济发展还没有达到发达国家的水平前,我国就已经出现了人口老龄化问题,并且在建立社会统筹与个人账户相结合的养老金制度的过程中,我国还出现了隐性债务等历史遗留问题。随着人口老龄化进程的加快,我国养老金制度的可持续性面临着严重的挑战。由于我国与东欧国家存在诸多相似的地方,因此,对东欧转轨国家养老金制度的改革进行研究,将有助于为我国养老金制度的改革提供宝贵的经验。与以往大多数研究东欧国家养老金制度的文章相比,本论文突破了单纯从技术机制层面对东欧国家养老金制度进行研究的局限性。从历史的维度和比较的视角出发,基于比较制度分析的方法,对东欧国家养老金制度改革的背景、改革的动力、养老金制度的路径选择进行了系统的比较分析,并揭示出东欧转轨国家养老金制度改革的内生性和特质性。这也是本论文最主要的一个创新点。虽然本论文从历史、经济、政治、人口以及政党和工会力量等角度,对东欧国家养老金制度的产生、发展和演变进行了整体的分析和跨学科的研究,但是,由于东欧国家养老制度的相关资料并不完全公开,有些数据无法获取,因此在一定程度上影响了本论文的研究深度。第一章主要介绍了选题的背景,国内外对东欧国家养老金制度改革的研究现状,论文主要采用的研究方法以及相关概念的界定。第二章主要从政治经济学派和新古典学派两个角度对养老金制度的起源做出了详细的理论阐释,并对西欧国家养老金制度的发展历程做了清晰的梳理和归纳。研究任何一个问题都应该溯本求源,对养老金制度起源相关理论的研究有助于更加清晰的分析转型时期东欧国家养老金制度改革的深层次原因。第三章首先阐述了转轨时期,东欧国家的社会、政治、经济和人口因素的变化对养老金制度的改革所产生的影响。接下来概括总结了转轨时期东欧各国养老金制度变革的主要内容和路径选择。最后选取了波兰、捷克、匈牙利这三个典型的国家,着重对其养老金制度改革的动力、改革的主要内容、变革过程中遇到的阻力及其原因进行深层次的挖掘。第四章主要分析了新的政治经济形势下养老金制度演变的主要内容以及在演变过程中遇到的障碍。并结合新经济形势下波兰和匈牙利两个国家养老金制度演变的案例,进一步探讨东欧国家养老金制度未来的发展路径。第五章主要利用比较制度分析的方法,分别从养老金制度改革的背景、动力、改革内容和路径选择等角度,对东欧国家养老金制度的改革做出了具体的比较分析。在对其做出比较分析的基础上,概括总结了东欧国家养老金制度改革所取得的成就和存在的不足之处。第六章在对东欧国家养老金制度的改革进行比较分析的基础上,找出其有益的做法和尝试,希望对我国养老金的改革和发展提供有益的政策与建议。
[Abstract]:Around 1989, Eastern European countries experienced double changes in political and economic systems. Politically, they changed from socialism to capitalism. Economically, they changed from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy. The traditional pension system obviously could not adapt to the development of the new political and economic situation. At the same time, Eastern European countries have entered an aging society. It is predicted that the fastest aging population in the next 20 years will be Eastern Europe. On the one hand, the economy will decline sharply in the process of transformation, on the other hand, the aging population will continue to intensify, which is bound to exert pressure on their pension system. In order to adapt the pension system to the new political economy. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy has been fully launched in China. Therefore, China has a very similar development experience with Eastern European countries. Before the level of developed countries, the problem of population aging has already appeared in our country, and in the process of establishing the pension system which combines social pooling with personal accounts, there are still some problems left over by history, such as hidden debts. With the acceleration of population aging process, the sustainability of our pension system is facing serious challenges. Because there are many similarities between China and Eastern European countries, the study of pension system reform in Eastern European transitional countries will be helpful to provide valuable experience for China's pension system reform.
Compared with most previous articles on pension system in Eastern European countries, this paper breaks through the limitation of researching pension system in Eastern European countries from the perspective of technical mechanism. This paper makes a systematic comparative analysis of the motive force and the path choice of pension system, and reveals the endogeneity and particularity of pension system reform in Eastern European transitional countries. The emergence, development and evolution of the degree of the overall analysis and interdisciplinary research, but, as the Eastern European countries pension system related information is not fully open, some data can not be obtained, so to a certain extent affected the depth of this paper.
The first chapter mainly introduces the background of the topic, the research status of pension system reform in Eastern European countries at home and abroad, the main research methods and the definition of related concepts.
In the second chapter, the origin of pension system is explained in detail from the perspective of political economics and neoclassical school, and the development process of pension system in Western European countries is summarized clearly. It helps to analyze the deeper reasons for the reform of the pension system in Eastern European countries in the transition period.
Chapter three firstly expounds the influence of social, political, economic and demographic factors on the pension system reform in Eastern European countries during the transition period. Then it summarizes the main contents and path choice of pension system reform in Eastern European countries during the transition period. The state, focusing on its pension system reform momentum, the main content of reform, the resistance encountered in the process of change and its reasons for a deep-seated excavation.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the main contents of pension system evolution under the new political and economic situation and the obstacles encountered in the process of evolution.
The fifth chapter makes a concrete comparative analysis of pension system reform in Eastern European countries from the perspectives of the background, motive force, content and path choice of pension system reform. Achievements and shortcomings.
Chapter Six, on the basis of comparative analysis of pension system reform in Eastern European countries, finds out its beneficial practices and attempts, hoping to provide useful policies and suggestions for the reform and development of pension system in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F841.67

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