养老机构社会化运作问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-20 05:29
【摘要】：为了满足日益增加的老年服务需求,我国于二十世纪末开始了养老机构社会化改革实践,确立了政府主导,社会参与,多元化运作的养老机构社会化发展思路。随着社会力量广泛参与到养老机构的建设中来,我国养老机构得以快速发展,养老机构的数量不断增加,养老机构的服务水平不断提升。近年来,我国人口结构老龄化、高龄化进入快速发展期,预计我国将于2025年至2030年间进入深度老龄社会。这一趋势要求必须深化养老机构社会化改革,分析养老机构社会化运作存在的深层次问题,提出具有可行性的对策建议,使养老机构更好地满足社会需要。本文以社会福利社会化为理论基础,以山东省养老机构社会化运作为个案研究对象,运用公共政策定性分析法、文献研究法和深度访谈法进行系统研究。首先,总结和分析山东省养老机构社会化运作现状,将山东省养老机构社会化运作实践过程中所出现的问题归纳为三个方面：养老机构模式单一、资金来源渠道不畅通、税收及营运优惠不明确等政策性问题；养老服务机构数量偏少、社会对养老机构认知存在偏差、老年人支付能力有限等外部环境问题；养老机构提供服务项目不丰富、心理辅助缺失、机构工作人员职业能力参差不齐等内部结构性问题。其次,从历史渊源,外部环境影响和内部矛盾等三个方面入手,探讨问题产生的深层次原因：我国特殊的政治经济体制以及根深蒂固的传统文化；经济社会发展水平、社会福利政策、社会老龄化程度和家庭结构；养老机构和老龄人之间缺少互动,机构工作人员缺乏系统性、政策性的引导及培训。最后,针对养老机构社会化运作出现的问题提出相应的对策：一是发挥政府统筹主导作用,理顺政府与养老机构的关系,理顺政府、社团与福利机构关系,注重政策、法规、规划、审批、组织、协调、经费调拨和监督检查等宏观的管理模式过渡；二是加快养老机构内在社会化变革,形成多元化养老服务机构,提升养老机构内部人员服务水平,提升养老服务科技水平；三是完善养老机构社会化的制度保障,制定养老服务机构发展规划,明确养老机构的法律权利和义务,规范养老机构市场竞争秩序等。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasing demand for elderly service, China began to reform the socialization of pension institutions at the end of the 20th century, and established the idea of socialized development of pension institutions with government leading, social participation and diversified operation. With the extensive participation of social forces in the construction of pension institutions, the pension institutions in China have been developing rapidly, the number of pension institutions has been increasing, and the service level of pension institutions has been continuously improved. In recent years, the aging of population structure in China has entered a period of rapid development, and it is expected that China will enter a deep aging society from 2025 to 2030. This trend requires deepening the reform of the socialization of pension institutions, analyzing the deep-seated problems existing in the socialization of pension institutions, and putting forward feasible countermeasures and suggestions, so that the pension institutions can better meet the needs of the society. Based on the socialization of social welfare, this paper takes the socialization of pension institutions in Shandong Province as the case study object, applies the qualitative analysis method of public policy, literature research method and in-depth interview method to carry on the systematic research. First of all, it summarizes and analyzes the current situation of the socialization operation of the pension institutions in Shandong Province, and concludes the problems in the process of the socialization operation of the pension institutions in Shandong Province into three aspects: the single mode of pension institutions, the lack of smooth channels of funding sources, Policy issues such as unclear tax and operating preferences; The number of old-age service institutions is on the low side, there are some external environmental problems such as the deviation of social cognition to pension institutions and the limited ability of the elderly to pay. There are some internal structural problems, such as the inabundance of service items, the lack of psychological assistance and the uneven professional ability of the staff. Secondly, from the historical origin, the external environment influence and the internal contradiction, discusses the deep level reason which the question produces: our country special political economy system and the deep-rooted traditional culture; The level of economic and social development, social welfare policy, the degree of social aging and family structure, the lack of interaction between old-age institutions and the elderly, the lack of systematic institutional staff, policy guidance and training. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward in view of the problems arising from the socialization operation of pension institutions: first, to give play to the leading role of the government as a whole, to straighten out the relationship between the government and the pension institutions, to straighten out the relationship between the government, the community and the welfare institutions, and to pay attention to the policies and regulations, Planning, examination and approval, organization, coordination, allocation of funds and supervision and inspection of macro-management model transition; Second, accelerate the internal socialization reform of pension institutions, form diversified pension service institutions, improve the service level of the internal staff of pension institutions, and enhance the level of science and technology of pension services; Third, it is necessary to perfect the institutional guarantee of the socialization of pension institutions, formulate plans for the development of pension service institutions, clarify the legal rights and obligations of pension institutions, and standardize the order of competition in the market of pension institutions.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
本文编号：2343910
[Abstract]:In order to meet the increasing demand for elderly service, China began to reform the socialization of pension institutions at the end of the 20th century, and established the idea of socialized development of pension institutions with government leading, social participation and diversified operation. With the extensive participation of social forces in the construction of pension institutions, the pension institutions in China have been developing rapidly, the number of pension institutions has been increasing, and the service level of pension institutions has been continuously improved. In recent years, the aging of population structure in China has entered a period of rapid development, and it is expected that China will enter a deep aging society from 2025 to 2030. This trend requires deepening the reform of the socialization of pension institutions, analyzing the deep-seated problems existing in the socialization of pension institutions, and putting forward feasible countermeasures and suggestions, so that the pension institutions can better meet the needs of the society. Based on the socialization of social welfare, this paper takes the socialization of pension institutions in Shandong Province as the case study object, applies the qualitative analysis method of public policy, literature research method and in-depth interview method to carry on the systematic research. First of all, it summarizes and analyzes the current situation of the socialization operation of the pension institutions in Shandong Province, and concludes the problems in the process of the socialization operation of the pension institutions in Shandong Province into three aspects: the single mode of pension institutions, the lack of smooth channels of funding sources, Policy issues such as unclear tax and operating preferences; The number of old-age service institutions is on the low side, there are some external environmental problems such as the deviation of social cognition to pension institutions and the limited ability of the elderly to pay. There are some internal structural problems, such as the inabundance of service items, the lack of psychological assistance and the uneven professional ability of the staff. Secondly, from the historical origin, the external environment influence and the internal contradiction, discusses the deep level reason which the question produces: our country special political economy system and the deep-rooted traditional culture; The level of economic and social development, social welfare policy, the degree of social aging and family structure, the lack of interaction between old-age institutions and the elderly, the lack of systematic institutional staff, policy guidance and training. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward in view of the problems arising from the socialization operation of pension institutions: first, to give play to the leading role of the government as a whole, to straighten out the relationship between the government and the pension institutions, to straighten out the relationship between the government, the community and the welfare institutions, and to pay attention to the policies and regulations, Planning, examination and approval, organization, coordination, allocation of funds and supervision and inspection of macro-management model transition; Second, accelerate the internal socialization reform of pension institutions, form diversified pension service institutions, improve the service level of the internal staff of pension institutions, and enhance the level of science and technology of pension services; Third, it is necessary to perfect the institutional guarantee of the socialization of pension institutions, formulate plans for the development of pension service institutions, clarify the legal rights and obligations of pension institutions, and standardize the order of competition in the market of pension institutions.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
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