大规模RFID系统中快速识别克隆标签算法研究
发布时间：2018-12-12 05:42
【摘要】：RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)是一种无线射频识技术,可实现自动识别和数据采集,其最大的优点是非接触识别。除此之外,RFID系统在阅读距离、抗干扰能力、读取速等方面都有显著优势,因而被广泛的应用在仓库管理、电子支付、目标监测与跟踪等各个领域。 随着科技与经济的的快速发展,人们对各类商品的需求量也迅速增加,随之出现了大量的假冒伪造产品,虽然商家们不断的寻求防假防伪的手段,但仍无法彻底杜绝假冒伪造产品。假冒伪造产品给世界政治、经济、文化等各方面造成了巨大损失,已成为世界性难题。商品尤其是与人们生命安全密切相关商品的防伪一直受到全世界的关注。大规模使用的RFID系统在展现其优势的同时也暴露了其自身存在的缺陷,标签的可复制性(即克隆标签)成为防伪的绊脚石。 电子标签的价格低廉,结构简单,安全性较差,为了提高其安全性,一些防克隆协议使用加密的的方法增加标签克隆的难度,这种方法并不能彻底杜绝克隆攻击,而且需要额外的硬件资源和密钥管理策略,这对于低成本的标签是很难实现的。贴有克隆标签的商品拥有正常商品的一切属性,因此通过查询防伪、认证等均无法辨别其真假。通过研究发现,克隆攻击不能简单的通过提高电子标签的硬件结构来解决。 近些年,不少专家学者开始研究克隆标签检测算法,现存的克隆攻击检测算法多利用标签ID的唯一性,每个标签都有唯一的ID,如果某个标签ID同时对应多个属性(如标签位置、同步密钥等),那么说明该标签受到了克隆攻击。然而这些算法必须要对标签ID进行广播,这样就泄露了用户或者商品的信,不适用于对隐私敏感的应用中。还有一些其他的算法虽然不需要广播标签的ID,但仅局限于检测是否有克隆标签存在,而不能检测出所有的克隆标签。此外,克隆标签的检测还应符合实际应用,对于无源标签,通信距离是非常有限的,即使是有源标签,其通信距离也只有100英尺左右,因此,在大型RFID系统(标签个数少则几万,多则数以亿计)中一般有多个RFID阅读器,而传统的算法只适合在单一阅读器的RFID系统中。本文中,我们针对现存算法的不足,提出一种新的克隆标签识别算法——大规模RFID系统中快速识别克隆标签算法(CAIP)。该算法首次提出在多阅读器的大规模RFID系统中识别所有克隆标签。 首先,我们利用布鲁姆过滤器快速查找待检测阅读器覆盖范围内的所有标签,然后利用多Hash函数为每个标签分配一个单一时隙,阅读器通过检测各时隙的状态来判断标签是否受到克隆攻击。经过仿真证明,该算法能在多个阅读器的RFID系统中迅速识别所有的被克隆标签。
[Abstract]:RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a radio frequency recognition technology, which can realize automatic identification and data acquisition, and its biggest advantage is non-contact identification. In addition, RFID system has significant advantages in reading distance, anti-jamming ability, reading speed and so on, so it is widely used in warehouse management, electronic payment, target monitoring and tracking and other fields. With the rapid development of science and technology and economy, the demand for all kinds of commodities has increased rapidly, and a large number of counterfeit and counterfeit products have appeared, although merchants are constantly seeking to prevent counterfeiting and forgery. However, it still can not completely eliminate counterfeit products. Counterfeit products have caused great losses to the world politics, economy, culture and so on, and have become a worldwide problem. The anti-counterfeiting of commodities, especially those closely related to people's life safety, has been concerned all over the world. Large-scale RFID system not only shows its advantages, but also exposes its own defects. The replicability of tags (that is, cloning tags) becomes a stumbling block of anti-counterfeiting. In order to improve its security, some anti-cloning protocols use encryption methods to increase the difficulty of tag cloning. This method can not completely eliminate cloning attacks. Moreover, additional hardware resources and key management strategies are required, which is difficult to achieve for low-cost tags. The products with cloned labels have all the properties of normal goods, so they can not distinguish the true and false through inquiry, authentication and so on. It is found that cloning attack can not be solved simply by improving the hardware structure of electronic tag. In recent years, many experts and scholars have begun to study the clonal tag detection algorithm. The existing clone attack detection algorithms make use of the uniqueness of tag ID, and each tag has a unique ID,. If a tag ID has multiple attributes (such as tag location, synchronization key, etc.) at the same time, then the tag is under cloning attack. However, these algorithms must broadcast the label ID, thus revealing the letters of users or products, which are not suitable for privacy sensitive applications. There are some other algorithms that do not require ID, of broadcast tags, but only detect the existence of cloned tags, but can not detect all cloning tags. In addition, the detection of cloned tags should conform to the practical application. For passive tags, the communication distance is very limited, even for active tags, the communication distance is only about 100 feet, so, In large RFID systems (tens of thousands of tags and hundreds of millions of tags), there are usually multiple RFID readers, but the traditional algorithm is only suitable for RFID systems with a single reader. In this paper, we propose a new clonal tag recognition algorithm, (CAIP)., which is a fast recognition algorithm for large scale RFID system, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing algorithms. This algorithm is the first time to identify all the cloned tags in a large scale RFID system with multiple readers. First, we use the Bloom filter to quickly find all the tags covered by the reader to be detected, and then use the multiple Hash function to assign a single slot for each tag. The reader detects the state of each slot to determine whether the tag is attacked by cloning. Simulation results show that the algorithm can quickly identify all the cloned tags in RFID systems with multiple readers.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44
本文编号：2374026
[Abstract]:RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a radio frequency recognition technology, which can realize automatic identification and data acquisition, and its biggest advantage is non-contact identification. In addition, RFID system has significant advantages in reading distance, anti-jamming ability, reading speed and so on, so it is widely used in warehouse management, electronic payment, target monitoring and tracking and other fields. With the rapid development of science and technology and economy, the demand for all kinds of commodities has increased rapidly, and a large number of counterfeit and counterfeit products have appeared, although merchants are constantly seeking to prevent counterfeiting and forgery. However, it still can not completely eliminate counterfeit products. Counterfeit products have caused great losses to the world politics, economy, culture and so on, and have become a worldwide problem. The anti-counterfeiting of commodities, especially those closely related to people's life safety, has been concerned all over the world. Large-scale RFID system not only shows its advantages, but also exposes its own defects. The replicability of tags (that is, cloning tags) becomes a stumbling block of anti-counterfeiting. In order to improve its security, some anti-cloning protocols use encryption methods to increase the difficulty of tag cloning. This method can not completely eliminate cloning attacks. Moreover, additional hardware resources and key management strategies are required, which is difficult to achieve for low-cost tags. The products with cloned labels have all the properties of normal goods, so they can not distinguish the true and false through inquiry, authentication and so on. It is found that cloning attack can not be solved simply by improving the hardware structure of electronic tag. In recent years, many experts and scholars have begun to study the clonal tag detection algorithm. The existing clone attack detection algorithms make use of the uniqueness of tag ID, and each tag has a unique ID,. If a tag ID has multiple attributes (such as tag location, synchronization key, etc.) at the same time, then the tag is under cloning attack. However, these algorithms must broadcast the label ID, thus revealing the letters of users or products, which are not suitable for privacy sensitive applications. There are some other algorithms that do not require ID, of broadcast tags, but only detect the existence of cloned tags, but can not detect all cloning tags. In addition, the detection of cloned tags should conform to the practical application. For passive tags, the communication distance is very limited, even for active tags, the communication distance is only about 100 feet, so, In large RFID systems (tens of thousands of tags and hundreds of millions of tags), there are usually multiple RFID readers, but the traditional algorithm is only suitable for RFID systems with a single reader. In this paper, we propose a new clonal tag recognition algorithm, (CAIP)., which is a fast recognition algorithm for large scale RFID system, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing algorithms. This algorithm is the first time to identify all the cloned tags in a large scale RFID system with multiple readers. First, we use the Bloom filter to quickly find all the tags covered by the reader to be detected, and then use the multiple Hash function to assign a single slot for each tag. The reader detects the state of each slot to determine whether the tag is attacked by cloning. Simulation results show that the algorithm can quickly identify all the cloned tags in RFID systems with multiple readers.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44
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