白山市农村居家养老现状及服务体系研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 21:24

【摘要】：早在上个世纪后半期,经济发达国家的老龄化问题就已经非常严重,从那时起,人口老龄化问题就已经引起了学术界和社会的关注。而中国社会生活水平的不断提高和计划生育政策的后续影响,使中国人口老龄化进程加快、形势严峻,并且高龄老人所占比例日益上升。尤其是农村老龄化现象非常严重,由于城乡政治经济发展不平衡,城市和农村的养老差距也很大,农村养老服务的发展远远落后于城市的养老服务发展。因此,养老问题越来越受到社会大众的关注,而农村养老问题则倍受关注。随着养老模式的研究与实践的不断推进。当前,“让老年人回归家庭和社区”——居家养老,已经成为国际社会普遍推崇的养老方式。虽然人们对居家老养的概念表述不尽相同,但是基本上没有超出以下概念范畴。所谓居家养老包括三层含义：一是老年人主要住在家里边养老,二是对老年人的服务由家庭和社会共同承担,部分由政府购买；三是对老年人的生活支持由政府、家庭和社会共同完成。民政部2011年2月发布的社会养老服务体系建设“十二五”规划纲要指出,社会养老服务体系建设应以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为支撑,着眼于老年人的实际需求,提供具有适宜技术的养老服务,优先保障孤老优抚对象、“三无”、“五保”及低收入的高龄独居失能等养老困难老年人的服务需求。基此,本文主要采用民族志田野调查方法,对吉林省白山市农村老年人居家养老现状进行了研究和分析,尤其关注白山市农村困难、高龄和孤寡老年人的居家养老现状的研究与分析,并针对吉林省白山市农村老年人居家养老的特殊情况,对白山市农村养老服务体系建设进行了探索。本文提出并分析了白山市农村基本健康的低龄老人居家养老状况良好、全托和日托老人生活条件相对较好、失地失能和高龄老人居家养老状况窘困、在家里居住的老年人精神生活匮乏、家庭对老年人的胳养功能极其弱化、社会支持系统不具有日常性、老人居家养老就近医疗受限、白山农村老年人居家养老服务缺乏政策指导、白山农村居家养老服务资金严重匮乏、农村居家养老服务队伍薄弱等现状。在国家相关方针政策的基础上提出针对白山农村老年人居家养老问题的对策建议。
[Abstract]:As early as the second half of the last century, the problem of aging in developed countries has been very serious. Since then, the problem of population aging has attracted the attention of academia and society. The continuous improvement of China's social living standards and the subsequent impact of the family planning policy make the aging process of China's population accelerate, the situation is grim, and the proportion of the elderly is rising day by day. Especially the phenomenon of rural aging is very serious, because of the imbalance between urban and rural political and economic development, the gap between urban and rural old-age care is also very large, the development of rural old-age services far lags behind the development of urban old-age services. Therefore, the pension problem is more and more concerned by the public, while the rural pension problem is paid more and more attention. Along with the endowment model research and the practice unceasing advancement. At present, "to return the elderly to the family and community"-home-care, has become the international community widely respected pension. Although the concept of home support is not the same, but basically not beyond the following categories of concepts. The so-called home pension includes three meanings: one is that the elderly mainly live in the home to provide for the aged, the other is that the services for the elderly are shared by the family and the society, and partly purchased by the government; Third, support for the life of the elderly by the government, families and society to complete. In February 2011, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of the Social Endowment Service system, which pointed out that the construction of the social old-age service system should be based on the home, supported by the community, supported by the institutions, and focused on the actual needs of the elderly. To provide old-age service with appropriate technology, and to give priority to the care of the elderly, such as "three noes", "five guarantees" and low income old people living alone and incapacitated, and so on. Based on this, this paper mainly adopts the ethnographic fieldwork method, carries on the research and the analysis to the present situation of the old people living at home in Baishan City, Jilin Province, especially pays attention to the difficulties in the rural areas of Baishan City. This paper studies and analyzes the present situation of the aged and widowed elderly at home, and probes into the construction of the rural old-age service system in Baishan City, Jilin Province, in view of the special situation of the elderly in the rural areas of Baishan City, Jilin Province. This paper puts forward and analyzes the basic health of Baishan rural young old people living at home pension condition is good, the living conditions of the whole care and day care elderly is relatively good, the loss of land disability and the old people living at home are poor. The spiritual life of the elderly living at home is scarce, the family is extremely weak to the elderly, the social support system does not have a daily routine, and the elderly are confined to the nearest medical care for the aged at home. Baishan rural elderly home pension service lack of policy guidance, Baishan rural home pension service funds are seriously scarce, rural home pension service team is weak and so on. On the basis of relevant national policies, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the aged in Baishan rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.6;D422.6

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