包容性制度、海外市场与企业家创新——19世纪末英国技术衰落的政治经济
发布时间：2019-06-10 04:28
【摘要】：19世纪末,英国出现了相对衰落。无论在新兴产业还是夕阳产业,英国企业家对新兴技术均持消极态度,不愿将新技术应用到生产中。本研究探讨这一现象的制度根源。本文试图展示:英国的制度缺陷使其难以维系庞大的海外市场。在帝国体系内,英国的制度缺乏包容性,难以将殖民地的臣民吸纳为公民,致使殖民地离心力不断增长,帝国市场逐渐坍塌;在世界政治中,英国主导的国际经济秩序缺乏国际制度建设,难以约束新兴大国,使各大国间出现了以邻为壑的经济竞争。随着欧洲与美国市场纷纷关闭、殖民地相继独立,英国海外市场不断萎缩,英国企业家投资和采用新技术的意愿大大降低。这样的转变削弱了英国技术变迁的动力,也削弱了英国作为世界霸权的经济基础。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19 th century, there was a relative decline in Britain. In both emerging and sunset industries, British entrepreneurs have a negative attitude towards emerging technologies and are reluctant to apply them to production. This study discusses the institutional root of this phenomenon. This paper attempts to show that Britain's institutional defects make it difficult to maintain a huge overseas market. In the imperial system, the British system is lack of inclusiveness, it is difficult to absorb the subjects of the colony as citizens, resulting in the continuous growth of colonial centrifugal force and the gradual collapse of the imperial market. In world politics, the British-led international economic order lacks the construction of international system, and it is difficult to restrain the emerging powers, resulting in beggar-thy-neighbour economic competition among the great powers. With the closure of European and American markets and the independence of colonies, the overseas markets of the United Kingdom have been shrinking, and the willingness of British entrepreneurs to invest and adopt new technologies has been greatly reduced. Such a shift weakens the driving force of British technological change and weakens the economic base of Britain as a world hegemony.
【作者单位】： 上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(13JZD015)
【分类号】：F156.1
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19 th century, there was a relative decline in Britain. In both emerging and sunset industries, British entrepreneurs have a negative attitude towards emerging technologies and are reluctant to apply them to production. This study discusses the institutional root of this phenomenon. This paper attempts to show that Britain's institutional defects make it difficult to maintain a huge overseas market. In the imperial system, the British system is lack of inclusiveness, it is difficult to absorb the subjects of the colony as citizens, resulting in the continuous growth of colonial centrifugal force and the gradual collapse of the imperial market. In world politics, the British-led international economic order lacks the construction of international system, and it is difficult to restrain the emerging powers, resulting in beggar-thy-neighbour economic competition among the great powers. With the closure of European and American markets and the independence of colonies, the overseas markets of the United Kingdom have been shrinking, and the willingness of British entrepreneurs to invest and adopt new technologies has been greatly reduced. Such a shift weakens the driving force of British technological change and weakens the economic base of Britain as a world hegemony.
【作者单位】： 上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(13JZD015)
【分类号】：F156.1
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