低碳经济背景下我国出口产品结构调整对策分析

发布时间：2018-01-16 02:02

本文关键词：低碳经济背景下我国出口产品结构调整对策分析　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪，随着全球气候的日益变暖和资源能源环境问题的日趋紧张，追求低碳发展、转变经济增长方式是未来社会发展的必然选择。在现阶段经济社会发展受到能源和环境的制约，低碳经济作为应对气候变化、保障能源安全的重要战略选择,在全球范围内受到广泛认同。中国作为能源消耗大国之一，出口产品中碳密集产品占了很大比重，受到了来自世界各方面的压力，如果欧美等国对其进口产品开征碳关税，势必会使我国产品出口面临负面冲击。因此，如何在低碳经济的背景下对中国的出口产品结构进行调整对于我国整体的贸易发展和贸易可持续发展具有重要意义。本文采用定性研究与定量研究相结合，理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法。在对低碳经济相关理论进行概述的基础上对我国的出口产品结构进行理论分析。通过对我国主要行业出口金额和单位产值能耗的数据进行查阅和总结，通过面板数据模型对我国的出口额与单位产值能好的关系进行实证分析。本文的主要研究内容主要包括以下几部分：第一部分是前言。主要介绍本文的研究背景和研究意义、国内外的研究现状以及本文主要的研究内容和研究方法等。第二部分是对出口产品结构相关的理论进行概述。通过环境要素禀赋理论、贸易可持续发展理论及碳关税等理论的分析，为我国的出口产品结构调整提供理论依据和基础。第三部分对我国出口产品结构及碳强度进行分析。首先在传统意义上对我国的出口结构按其出口量分为初级产品、半制成品和工业制品三类，我国的出口产品以制成品为主。为了研究的便利，本文按单位产值能耗把我国的出口产品分为高碳排放产品、中碳排放产品和低碳排放产品三类。目前我国高碳排放产品的出口量较大，低碳排放产品的出口比重过低，我国以出口中碳排放产品为主，但是需要对这些产品进行低碳化改造。第四部分从我国出口结构、政策因素、资金技术和国际环境四个方面对我国的出口产品结构进行SWOT分析。中国制定了自己的节能减排目标并提出了相应的政策，但这些政策具有宏观性并没有针对具体行业提出细则。我国政府和企业不断加大对低碳行业的资金和技术投入，但是这些资金和技术投入远远不足维持整个低碳行业的发展。中国作为世界上最大的出口国承担了国际“碳转移”的压力并且面临碳关税等贸易壁垒。由于我国在资源和劳动力方面具有比较优势，劳动和资源密集型制造业成为中国主要的出口部门，但是在传统的制造业却生产了大量高污染、高能耗和低附加值的产品。第五部分对我国的出口产品结构进行实证分析。在整理我国主要出口数据和能源消耗数据的基础上，分别对单一行业的单位产值能耗和我国出口额进行相关性分析，同时分析三类行业单位产值能耗对我国出口额的影响。回归结果显示：我国三类行业的单位产值能耗都与我国出口额成反比关系，但是高碳排放行业的单位产值能耗对出口额的影响较大，低碳排放行业的单位产值能耗对出口额影响微乎其微。为了下一步对我国的出口结构调整提供依据，本文对我国三类产品的单位产值能耗进行预测，认为随着技术进步和生产成熟，三类行业的单位产值能耗都会下降，但是幅度不一。第六部分从加大技术投入、引进优秀人才、升级国内产业结构、转变贸易模式和加强国际合作五个方面提出政策建议。第七部分是结论，本部分总结了本文的主要内容和观点。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, as the global climate warm energy resources environment problems increasingly become increasingly tense, the pursuit of low-carbon development, changing the mode of economic growth is the inevitable choice of social development in the future. In the current economic and social development is restricted by energy and environment, low carbon economy is an important strategic choice to cope with climate change, energy security that is widely recognized in the world. Chinese as one of the largest energy consumption, carbon intensive products exports accounted for a large proportion, received from all aspects of the world, if Europe and the United States imports of carbon tariffs on it, it will make China's exports faced negative impact. Therefore, how to export products the structure of the Chinese in the background of low carbon economy adjustment is of great significance for China's overall sustainable development of trade.
This paper adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, theoretical research and empirical research method of combining theoretical analysis. The structure of export products to China in this paper the theory of low carbon economy. Based on China's export industries and the amount of energy consumption per unit of output data were reviewed and summarized, through the panel the data model for China's exports and output per can analyze a good relationship.
The main contents of this paper include the following parts:
The first part is the preface. It mainly introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status at home and abroad as well as the main research content and research methods in this paper.
The second part is an overview of the related theories of export product structure. Through the analysis of the theory of environmental factor endowment, the theory of trade sustainable development and the theory of carbon tariffs, it will provide theoretical basis and basis for China's export product structure adjustment.
The third part is the analysis of the structure of China's export products and carbon intensity. Firstly, in the traditional sense of the export structure of our country according to its export volume is divided into primary products, semi manufactured goods and industrial products three, China's export products to manufactured goods. In order to study the convenience, according to China's energy consumption per unit of output the export products are divided into high carbon products, carbon emission products and low carbon products in three categories. Exports of high carbon products in China at large, low carbon products export proportion is too low, China's exports to carbon emissions, but the need for low-carbon transformation of these products.
The fourth part from China's export structure, policy factors, four aspects of capital and technology and the international environment for China's export product structure of SWOT analysis. Chinese established own emission reduction targets and put forward the corresponding policy, but these policies are macroscopic and did not put forward specific industry rules. The Chinese government and enterprises continue to increase investment in low carbon industry capital and technology, but these funds and technology investment development is far insufficient to sustain the low carbon industry. Chinese as the largest exporter in the world to bear the pressure of international carbon transfer and face carbon tariffs and other trade barriers. Because our country has a comparative advantage in resources and labor hand, labor and resource intensive manufacturing industry has become the main Chinese export sector, but in the traditional manufacturing industry has produced a large number of high pollution, high energy consumption and low added value Products.
An empirical analysis of the structure of export products in the fifth part of our country. On the basis of consolidation in China mainly exports data and energy consumption data, respectively, of a single industry of China's energy consumption per unit of output and exports through correlation analysis, analysis of three kinds of industries and energy consumption impact on China's exports of the regression results. Display: China's three industries energy consumption per unit of output and exports but inversely related to the influence of high carbon emission industries, energy consumption per unit of output in exports is large, low carbon emission industries, energy consumption per unit of output of exports very little impact. In order to offer a basis for the adjustment of the export structure of China in the next step in this paper, to predict the unit output value of China's three products consumption, that with the progress of technology and production of mature, the three industries energy consumption per unit of output will decline, but the magnitude is not one.
The sixth part puts forward policy suggestions from five aspects: increasing technical input, introducing excellent talents, upgrading domestic industrial structure, transforming trade model and strengthening international cooperation.
The seventh part is the conclusion, this part summarizes the main contents and views of this article.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.5;F752.62

【参考文献】