政府教育投资对区域收入差距影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:34

本文选题：政府教育投资 + 区域居民收入差距　；参考：《财政部财政科学研究所》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,国内生产总值年均增速高达9%,与此同时,中国居民收入差距方面的矛盾日益突出。世界银行的数据显示,我国基尼系数已经从1978年的0.3升至2005年的0.47,远超过了国际公认的警戒线0.4。市场经济的核心是鼓励竞争,必然将带来收入差距的扩大,然而收入差距的过度拉大,对经济与社会的发展会带来诸多负面的影响。因此政府有必要对居民收入差距采取适当手段调节,其主要手段包括税收制度、政府间转移支付制度、社会保障制度、政府教育投资等,不同的手段将收到不同的效果。本文通过了对比分析、描述性统计分析与计量模型等分析方法,对政府教育投资与区域收入差距进行了实证研究,试图明晰政府教育投资对区域收入差距的影响。国内外学者目前已经对政府教育投资理论与收入分配关系进行了理论和实证研究,通过梳理相关理论中的分析得到了本文研究所需的辅助材料,同时在整理衡量区域收入差距的传统指标基础上,引入泰尔指数的理论,从新的角度对区域差距进行测度分析。相对于基尼系数来说,泰尔指数可以分解为组内以及组间差距,能够在区域划分的前提下衡量不同区域内部以及区域之间的收入差距。因此本文运用层次分析方法把我国划分成几个不同层次的区域。主要从总体规模、人均水平、发展速度以及产业结构4个方面因素考虑,分别选取GDP、人均GDP、经济增长率和第三产业所占比例4个指标进行量化,最后分成为四个区域,并以该层次划分为基础计算2000-2010年全国以及各区域政府教育投资和居民收入的泰尔指数。实证分析中,使用了VAR模型、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应函数等实证分析中常用的研究方法对以上计算结果进行分析。通过实证分析得到了以下结论：整体上说政府教育投资对我国区域居民收入差距的缩小具有正向促进作用。但是若将我国按经济发展水平分解为四个区域,那么各区域政府教育投资对居民收入分配不平等的改善程度不尽相同。在以上分析的基础上提出了几个针对性的建议：第一,增强政府教育投资资金管理水平；第二,完善转移支付政策以缩小地区间政府教有投资差距；第三,优化教育投资结构且促进教育均衡化发展；第四,多元调节工具的综合使用。通过这一系列措施调控,可进一步改善我国地区间居民收入差距。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China economy has made remarkable achievements, average annual GDP growth rate of up to 9%, at the same time, the income gap between residents Chinese contradictions have become increasingly prominent. The world bank data show that China's Gini coefficient has risen from 0.3 in 1978 to 0.47 in 2005, far more than the core of the internationally recognized warning line 0.4. market the economy is to encourage competition, will inevitably lead to the widening of the income gap, but the income gap between the excessive widening of the development of economy and society will bring many negative effects. So it is necessary for the government to take appropriate measures to regulate the income gap, the main methods include tax system, intergovernmental transfer payment system, social security system the government, education investment, different means will receive different results. Through comparative analysis, descriptive statistics analysis and econometric model. This paper makes an empirical study on the gap between government education investment and regional income, and tries to clarify the influence of government education investment on regional income gap.
The domestic and foreign scholars have been on the government theory of educational investment and income distribution and the relationship between the theoretical and empirical research, through the analysis of theory of the auxiliary materials needed in the research, at the same time in the traditional index based on the consolidation of regional income gap measure, introduced the Theil index theory to measure and analyze the regional disparity from a new point of view.
Compared with Gini coefficient, Theil index can be decomposed into a group and to measure the gap between groups, between different regions of internal and regional income disparity in the premise of regional division. So this paper uses AHP method to divide our country into several different levels of the region. Mainly from the overall scale, the per capita level, considering 4 the pace of development as well as industrial structure factors, we selected GDP, GDP per capita, economic growth rate and the proportion of the third industry to quantify 4 indexes, finally divided into four regions, and the hierarchy is calculated on the basis of 2000-2010 years of national education investment and the Theil index of the regional government and residents' income. The empirical analysis and using the VAR model, Grainger causality test, impulse response function analysis and other empirical research methods commonly used in the analysis of the above calculation. Through empirical analysis The following conclusions: on the whole of government investment in education to narrow the regional income gap of residents in our country has a positive role in promoting. But if our country according to the level of economic development is divided into four regions, then improve the degree of education investment in the regional government of inequality of income distribution is not the same.
On the basis of the above analysis put forward several suggestions: first, to enhance the level of government education investment fund management; second, improve the transfer payment policy to reduce the regional government education investment gap; third, optimize the structure of education investment and promote the development of balanced education; fourth, the integrated use of multiple tools. Through adjusting the regulation of a series of measures to further improve the resident income gap among regions in China.

【学位授予单位】：财政部财政科学研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7

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