重庆产业结构对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究
发布时间：2018-10-25 06:11
【摘要】：我国的基本国情是我国是一个农业大国，经济基础相对来说比较薄弱，为了发展工业，不惜牺牲农业的利益，致使城乡二元经济发展格局的形成。城乡二元经济结构引起城乡居民收入存在差异，第二产业以及第三产业的劳动生产率远远高于第一产业，使得农村居民的收入大大低于城市居民的收入。此外，二元经济结构导致生产要素、资本、劳动和技术等资源向城市倾斜，使农业比非农业、城市比农村拥有更多的发展机遇和条件，致使城乡收入差距的形成。 改革开放30多来年，重庆产业结构发生了明显的变化，由“二、一、三”向“二、三、一”结构转变。在我国工业化步伐不断加快、经济快速增长的背景下，重庆城市居民、农村居民的收入都得到了大幅度的提高，但是城乡居民收入差距却不断地显现出来。根据重庆统计年鉴2012的数据测算，重庆城乡居民家庭人均收入比的值从1985年的2.5上升到2011年的3.39。城乡居民收入差距的不断扩大，势必会对发展社会经济、构建和谐社会、保持政治稳定等产生负面影响，因而我们要高度重视城乡收入差距日渐增大的现象。 产业结构的变动将会引起城乡收入差距发生变化，，产业结构调整通过影响就业结构，最终引起城乡收入差距发生变化。本文在对现有文献进行梳理的基础上，以重庆为研究对象，利用城乡收入差、城乡收入比对重庆城乡收入差距进行测度，通过做单位根检验、协整检验揭示重庆三次产业结构变动和城乡收入差距之间存在长期均衡的关系，并在此基础上，对产业结构和城乡收入差距进行Granger因果关系检验，结果显示两者互为Granger因果关系。通过做脉冲响应分析可知，第一产业和第三产业比重的变动对城乡收入差距具有负效应，可以说明第一、三产业比重的增加有助于缩小城乡收入差距。第二产业比重的变动对城乡收入差距具有正效应，即随着第二产业比重的扩大，城乡收入差距也将扩大。研究产业结构对城乡收入差距的影响，有助力于我们对城乡收入差距的形成产生更加深入的认识，并从产业结构角度提出缩小城乡居民收入差距的政策建议。
[Abstract]:The basic national condition of our country is that our country is a big agricultural country, and the economic base is relatively weak. In order to develop industry, we do not hesitate to sacrifice the benefit of agriculture, resulting in the formation of dual economic development pattern in urban and rural areas. The dual economic structure of urban and rural areas leads to the difference of income between urban and rural residents. The labor productivity of the secondary and tertiary industries is much higher than that of the primary industry, which makes the income of rural residents much lower than that of urban residents. In addition, the dual economic structure causes the resources such as production factors, capital, labor and technology to incline to the city, so that agriculture has more development opportunities and conditions than non-agriculture and cities have more conditions than rural areas, resulting in the formation of income gap between urban and rural areas. In more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the industrial structure of Chongqing has changed from "two, one, three" to "two, three, one" structure. Under the background of accelerated industrialization and rapid economic growth in China, the income of urban and rural residents in Chongqing has been greatly increased, but the income gap between urban and rural residents is constantly emerging. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural households in Chongqing rose from 2. 5 in 1985 to 3. 39 in 2011, according to data from Chongqing Statistical Yearbook 2012. The widening income gap between urban and rural residents will inevitably have a negative impact on the development of social economy, the construction of a harmonious society and the maintenance of political stability. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the increasing phenomenon of income gap between urban and rural areas. The change of industrial structure will cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. The adjustment of industrial structure will affect the structure of employment and finally cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of combing the existing literature, this paper takes Chongqing as the research object, measures the urban-rural income gap by using the urban-rural income difference and urban-rural income ratio, and through the unit root test, The cointegration test reveals that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the three industrial structure changes and the urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. On this basis, the Granger causality test is carried out on the industrial structure and the urban-rural income gap. The results showed that the two were Granger causality. The pulse response analysis shows that the change of the proportion of primary industry and tertiary industry has a negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, which shows that the increase of the proportion of the first and third industries can help to narrow the urban-rural income gap. The change of the proportion of the secondary industry has a positive effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, that is, with the expansion of the proportion of the secondary industry, the income gap between urban and rural areas will also expand. The study of the influence of industrial structure on urban-rural income gap can help us to have a deeper understanding of the formation of urban-rural income gap, and put forward some policy suggestions on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
本文编号：2292843
[Abstract]:The basic national condition of our country is that our country is a big agricultural country, and the economic base is relatively weak. In order to develop industry, we do not hesitate to sacrifice the benefit of agriculture, resulting in the formation of dual economic development pattern in urban and rural areas. The dual economic structure of urban and rural areas leads to the difference of income between urban and rural residents. The labor productivity of the secondary and tertiary industries is much higher than that of the primary industry, which makes the income of rural residents much lower than that of urban residents. In addition, the dual economic structure causes the resources such as production factors, capital, labor and technology to incline to the city, so that agriculture has more development opportunities and conditions than non-agriculture and cities have more conditions than rural areas, resulting in the formation of income gap between urban and rural areas. In more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the industrial structure of Chongqing has changed from "two, one, three" to "two, three, one" structure. Under the background of accelerated industrialization and rapid economic growth in China, the income of urban and rural residents in Chongqing has been greatly increased, but the income gap between urban and rural residents is constantly emerging. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural households in Chongqing rose from 2. 5 in 1985 to 3. 39 in 2011, according to data from Chongqing Statistical Yearbook 2012. The widening income gap between urban and rural residents will inevitably have a negative impact on the development of social economy, the construction of a harmonious society and the maintenance of political stability. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the increasing phenomenon of income gap between urban and rural areas. The change of industrial structure will cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. The adjustment of industrial structure will affect the structure of employment and finally cause the change of income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of combing the existing literature, this paper takes Chongqing as the research object, measures the urban-rural income gap by using the urban-rural income difference and urban-rural income ratio, and through the unit root test, The cointegration test reveals that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the three industrial structure changes and the urban-rural income gap in Chongqing. On this basis, the Granger causality test is carried out on the industrial structure and the urban-rural income gap. The results showed that the two were Granger causality. The pulse response analysis shows that the change of the proportion of primary industry and tertiary industry has a negative effect on the urban-rural income gap, which shows that the increase of the proportion of the first and third industries can help to narrow the urban-rural income gap. The change of the proportion of the secondary industry has a positive effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, that is, with the expansion of the proportion of the secondary industry, the income gap between urban and rural areas will also expand. The study of the influence of industrial structure on urban-rural income gap can help us to have a deeper understanding of the formation of urban-rural income gap, and put forward some policy suggestions on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
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