从棉荒到饥荒：1861-1865年英国棉荒探析
发布时间：2018-10-25 19:42
【摘要】：19世纪中叶英国工业高速发展，棉纺织业成为整个英国工业革命的先导部门。棉纺织业的发展变革带动了其他相关产业的发展，棉纺织业取得了巨大的成就给英国的城市化和工业化带来革命性的影响。英国棉纺织业发展如此迅速，和它所处时代条件下的政治、经济、国际环境是分不开的。虽然整个19世纪都是棉纺织业发展的黄金时期，但1861年到1865年英国棉纺织业出现了严重的棉荒。1860年美国内战爆发，北方舰队封锁了南方的港口，英国棉纺织业无法获得充足的棉花供给。美棉供给中断直接造成了英国棉纺织业的棉荒，棉荒造成棉纺织城市的失业、贫困、饥荒等严重后果。经过探析发现英国棉纺织业棉荒发生的原因以及由此引起的社会后果并不是简单棉花供给的问题，还包括当时资本主义世界的过度生产以及周期性危机的影响等。本文研究1861年美国内战爆发以后英国棉纺织业出现的问题以及由此引起的社会问题，，同时研究英国棉荒以及引起的英国城市饥荒，从不同维度分析棉荒与饥荒的时代特点。探析棉荒有助于对19世纪60年代英国棉纺织业有更深的理解，同时对研究国家间相互依存的国际关系和互相博弈的国家政策有重大意义。文章分为六章，分别从英国经济背景探析：市场形成、技术革命；棉荒原因探析：美国内战、过剩生产；棉荒影响探析:市场混乱、城市饥荒；棉荒对策的探析：棉花供给、政府救济和对英国棉荒和城市饥荒的总结思考探析其时代意义，层次递进式探析英国棉荒，探索英国棉荒和城市饥荒的划时代意义。
[Abstract]:In the mid-19th century, British industry developed rapidly, and cotton textile industry became the leading department of the British Industrial Revolution. The development and transformation of cotton textile industry has led to the development of other related industries. Cotton textile industry has made great achievements in the British urbanization and industrialization has a revolutionary impact. The rapid development of British cotton textile industry is inseparable from its political, economic and international environment. Although the whole 19th century was the golden age of cotton and textile industry, there was a serious cotton shortage in England from 1861 to 1865. The American Civil War broke out in 1860, and the Northern Fleet blocked the ports of the South. The British cotton textile industry was unable to obtain sufficient cotton supplies. The interruption of American cotton supply directly caused cotton shortage in British cotton textile industry, which resulted in unemployment, poverty, famine and other serious consequences in cotton textile cities. It is found that the causes and social consequences of cotton shortage in British cotton and textile industry are not simply cotton supply problems, but also the overproduction of capitalist world at that time and the influence of cyclical crisis. This paper studies the problems and social problems in the British cotton textile industry after the American Civil War broke out in 1861. At the same time, it studies the cotton shortage in England and the urban famine in England, and analyzes the characteristics of the cotton shortage and famine from different dimensions. The analysis of cotton shortage is helpful to a deeper understanding of the British cotton textile industry in the 1860s, and is of great significance to the study of the interdependent international relations among countries and the national policies of the game. The article is divided into six chapters, respectively from the British economic background analysis: market formation, technological revolution, cotton wasteland analysis: the American Civil War, excess production, cotton famine impact: market chaos, urban famine; Analysis of cotton shortage countermeasures: cotton supply, government relief and summing up and thinking about cotton shortage and urban famine in England, the epoch significance of cotton shortage in England is analyzed, and the epoch-making significance of cotton famine and urban famine in England is explored.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F156.1;K561.4
本文编号：2294642
[Abstract]:In the mid-19th century, British industry developed rapidly, and cotton textile industry became the leading department of the British Industrial Revolution. The development and transformation of cotton textile industry has led to the development of other related industries. Cotton textile industry has made great achievements in the British urbanization and industrialization has a revolutionary impact. The rapid development of British cotton textile industry is inseparable from its political, economic and international environment. Although the whole 19th century was the golden age of cotton and textile industry, there was a serious cotton shortage in England from 1861 to 1865. The American Civil War broke out in 1860, and the Northern Fleet blocked the ports of the South. The British cotton textile industry was unable to obtain sufficient cotton supplies. The interruption of American cotton supply directly caused cotton shortage in British cotton textile industry, which resulted in unemployment, poverty, famine and other serious consequences in cotton textile cities. It is found that the causes and social consequences of cotton shortage in British cotton and textile industry are not simply cotton supply problems, but also the overproduction of capitalist world at that time and the influence of cyclical crisis. This paper studies the problems and social problems in the British cotton textile industry after the American Civil War broke out in 1861. At the same time, it studies the cotton shortage in England and the urban famine in England, and analyzes the characteristics of the cotton shortage and famine from different dimensions. The analysis of cotton shortage is helpful to a deeper understanding of the British cotton textile industry in the 1860s, and is of great significance to the study of the interdependent international relations among countries and the national policies of the game. The article is divided into six chapters, respectively from the British economic background analysis: market formation, technological revolution, cotton wasteland analysis: the American Civil War, excess production, cotton famine impact: market chaos, urban famine; Analysis of cotton shortage countermeasures: cotton supply, government relief and summing up and thinking about cotton shortage and urban famine in England, the epoch significance of cotton shortage in England is analyzed, and the epoch-making significance of cotton famine and urban famine in England is explored.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F156.1;K561.4
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本文编号：2294642
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