对外开放、人力资本与全要素生产率
发布时间：2018-11-28 09:12
【摘要】：改革开放三十多年来,我国经济发展迅速,国民生产总值年均增长率高达9.9%,但主要依靠投资拉动GDP增长仍是我国经济目前的主要特征之一。低效率的高投资增长虽然带动了我国的经济发展,但是资源环境约束导致这一发展模式的不可持续。在当前倡导可持续发展、构建和谐社会的背景下,我国需要改变“高消耗、高投入、低产出”的经济增长模式。 现代经济增长理论强调全要素生产率对经济增长的贡献,认为全要素是技术进步对经济发展作用的综合表现,全要素生产率是发达国家衡量经济增长质量的重要指标之一。因此我国转变经济增长方式,应该研究哪些因素对我国的全要素生产率产生影响,结合当代世界经济发展的大趋势,我们需要考虑我国目前经济发展的最大特点——对外开放,在对外开放这一框架内研究我国全要素生产率。但研究对外开放与全要素生产率的关系,不能忽略人力资本这一重要因素,一方面是因为从内生增长理论来看,人力资本与全要素生产率有密不可分的关系,另一方面是因为对外开放与人力资本也密切相关。 文章在回顾和梳理了全要素生产率主要测算方法及测算现状的基础上,运用数据包络分析法,利用1978-2011年我国29个省市的面板数据,测算了我国的技术效率、技术进步、全要素生产率增长水平,并对此结果从时间、地区两个维度进行分析。然后分析了FDI、国际贸易、人力资本分别影响全要素生产率的机制,指出FDI的技术溢出和国际贸易的知识扩散、市场竞争、规模经济、要素价格机制是FDI、国际贸易作用于全要素生产率的主要途径,而人力资本除直接影响技术进步外,通过自身反映的技术吸收能力也是影响上述机制能否充分发挥的关键因素,在此基础上,以这三个因素为主要解释变量,再进一步选择投资率、金融发展、市场化程度、产业结构作为控制变量,从全国、分地区两个角度进行面板数据回归,结论为：我国全要素生产率明显提高,我国TFP提高的主要原因在于技术进步,技术进步对TFP增长的贡献度远大于技术效率；不同地区间FDI、国际贸易、人力资本对TFP的影响不同。最后基于现状分析和实证结果,本文就注重FDI引进质量、调整贸易结构、提升人力资本,促进经济发展提出了政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, China's economy has developed rapidly, and the average annual growth rate of GDP is as high as 9.9%. However, it is still one of the main characteristics of China's economy to rely mainly on investment to stimulate the growth of GDP. The low efficiency and high investment growth has driven the economic development of our country, but the restriction of resources and environment leads to the unsustainable development mode. Under the background of advocating sustainable development and building a harmonious society, our country needs to change the economic growth model of "high consumption, high input and low output". Modern economic growth theory emphasizes the contribution of total factor productivity to economic growth, and holds that total factor is the comprehensive performance of technological progress on economic development, and total factor productivity is one of the important indexes to measure the quality of economic growth in developed countries. Therefore, in order to change the mode of economic growth in China, we should study which factors have an impact on the total factor productivity of our country. In the light of the general trend of economic development in the contemporary world, we need to consider the greatest characteristic of our country's economic development at present, that is, opening to the outside world. In the framework of opening to the outside world, the study of China's total factor productivity. However, the study of the relationship between opening to the outside world and total factor productivity cannot ignore the important factor of human capital. On the one hand, from the view of endogenous growth theory, human capital and total factor productivity are inextricably related. On the other hand, because the opening to the outside world and human capital are also closely related. On the basis of reviewing and combing the main measuring methods and current situation of total factor productivity, using data envelopment analysis and panel data of 29 provinces and cities in China from 1978 to 2011, the paper calculates the technical efficiency and technological progress of our country. The level of total factor productivity growth is analyzed from two dimensions of time and region. Then it analyzes the mechanism that FDI, international trade and human capital affect TFP, and points out that the technology spillover of FDI and knowledge diffusion of international trade, market competition, scale economy and factor price mechanism are FDI,. International trade plays a major role in total factor productivity, and human capital not only directly affects technological progress, but also the technological absorption capacity reflected by itself is the key factor to influence whether or not these mechanisms can be fully developed, on the basis of which, Taking these three factors as the main explanatory variables, and further selecting the investment rate, financial development, marketization degree and industrial structure as control variables, the panel data regression is carried out from two angles of national and regional perspectives. The conclusions are as follows: the total factor productivity of our country is obviously increased, and the main reason for the increase of TFP in our country lies in the technological progress, the contribution of technological progress to the growth of TFP is much greater than the technical efficiency; The influence of human capital on TFP is different among different regions in FDI, international trade. Finally, based on the current situation analysis and empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the quality of FDI introduction, the adjustment of trade structure, the promotion of human capital and the promotion of economic development.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F124
本文编号：2362425
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, China's economy has developed rapidly, and the average annual growth rate of GDP is as high as 9.9%. However, it is still one of the main characteristics of China's economy to rely mainly on investment to stimulate the growth of GDP. The low efficiency and high investment growth has driven the economic development of our country, but the restriction of resources and environment leads to the unsustainable development mode. Under the background of advocating sustainable development and building a harmonious society, our country needs to change the economic growth model of "high consumption, high input and low output". Modern economic growth theory emphasizes the contribution of total factor productivity to economic growth, and holds that total factor is the comprehensive performance of technological progress on economic development, and total factor productivity is one of the important indexes to measure the quality of economic growth in developed countries. Therefore, in order to change the mode of economic growth in China, we should study which factors have an impact on the total factor productivity of our country. In the light of the general trend of economic development in the contemporary world, we need to consider the greatest characteristic of our country's economic development at present, that is, opening to the outside world. In the framework of opening to the outside world, the study of China's total factor productivity. However, the study of the relationship between opening to the outside world and total factor productivity cannot ignore the important factor of human capital. On the one hand, from the view of endogenous growth theory, human capital and total factor productivity are inextricably related. On the other hand, because the opening to the outside world and human capital are also closely related. On the basis of reviewing and combing the main measuring methods and current situation of total factor productivity, using data envelopment analysis and panel data of 29 provinces and cities in China from 1978 to 2011, the paper calculates the technical efficiency and technological progress of our country. The level of total factor productivity growth is analyzed from two dimensions of time and region. Then it analyzes the mechanism that FDI, international trade and human capital affect TFP, and points out that the technology spillover of FDI and knowledge diffusion of international trade, market competition, scale economy and factor price mechanism are FDI,. International trade plays a major role in total factor productivity, and human capital not only directly affects technological progress, but also the technological absorption capacity reflected by itself is the key factor to influence whether or not these mechanisms can be fully developed, on the basis of which, Taking these three factors as the main explanatory variables, and further selecting the investment rate, financial development, marketization degree and industrial structure as control variables, the panel data regression is carried out from two angles of national and regional perspectives. The conclusions are as follows: the total factor productivity of our country is obviously increased, and the main reason for the increase of TFP in our country lies in the technological progress, the contribution of technological progress to the growth of TFP is much greater than the technical efficiency; The influence of human capital on TFP is different among different regions in FDI, international trade. Finally, based on the current situation analysis and empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the quality of FDI introduction, the adjustment of trade structure, the promotion of human capital and the promotion of economic development.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F124
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