我国金融深化与城乡收入差距的关系研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 10:12

【摘要】：改革开放30多年以来,我国经济发展取得了令人瞩目的成绩,我国社会经济整体水平已经取得了显着提高,国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值都有了大幅度地提升。伴随着我国社会经济整体水平的显著提高,我国居民的生活和收入水平也得到了根本的改善。但与此同时在这一过程中我国城乡居民的收入差距却始终存在着不断扩大这一问题。而城乡收入差距过大这一问题已经成为严重制约我国经济继续向前发展的一个十分重要的瓶颈,如果这一问题不能很好地得到解决,将成为我国改革和发展的重要障碍。在现代经济中,金融是资源配置的核心,对收入分配的影响有着非常重要的作用。因此,我们对金融深化,尤其是农村金融深化的研究有特殊的意义。所以,为了分析我国金融深化和城乡收入差距的关系,解决目前的城乡收入差距过大问题,本文开展了相关研究。文章在对金融深入的概念和城乡收入差距的内涵进行界定的基础上,从金融资产总量、金融资产结构、金融资产配置效率等三个方面对我国金融深化的现状进行了分析,从基尼系数、绝对收入差距和收入差距指数等两个方面对我国城乡收入差距的现状进行了分析。文章将反映我国金融深化程度的以下变量：广义货币供给量占GDP的比重、金融机构贷款余额占GDP的比重、金融机构贷款余额占存款余额的比重、农业贷款占金融机构贷款余额的比重等作为自变量,将反映我国城乡收入差距的变量：城乡收入差距指数作为因变量,建立了多元线性回归模型。通过这一模型笔者发现：广义货币供给量占GDP的比重这一反映我国金融深化程度的指标与城乡收入差距指数之间存在着正相关关系,其系数为1.901938；金融机构贷款余额占GDP的比重这一变量与城乡收入差距指数之间也存在着正相关关系其的系数为1.887650；农业贷款占金融机构贷款余额的比重这一变量与城乡收入差距指数之间则存在着负相关关系,其系数为-3.155390；而另外一个变量金融机构贷款余额占存款余额的比重对城乡收入差距的影响并不显著。文章还从农村货币资金配置不足、农村金融机构并没有很好地发挥其职能、农村金融市场缺乏有效的竞争机制、农村金融创新不足、农村乡镇企业缺乏资金支持、农业金融本身面临着较为特殊的风险等几个方面对我国城乡收入差距过大的原因进行了概况和总结。针对上述存在的问题,笔者从加快农村金融发展,完善我国金融体系建设、提高金融机构运行效率、有效防止农村资金外流,使其更好地为农村服务、拓展乡镇企业融资渠道,解决乡镇企业资金问题、加快农村保险市场发展等几个方面提出了缩小我国城乡收入差距的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years China has made remarkable achievements in economic development the overall level of our social economy has been significantly improved the gross domestic product and per capita gross domestic product have been greatly improved. Along with the remarkable improvement of the whole level of our country's society and economy, the living and income level of our country's residents have also been fundamentally improved. But at the same time, the income gap between urban and rural residents in China has always been expanding. However, the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas has become a very important bottleneck restricting the further development of our economy. If this problem can not be solved well, it will become an important obstacle to the reform and development of our country. In modern economy, finance is the core of resource allocation and plays an important role in income distribution. Therefore, our financial deepening, especially the study of rural financial deepening has special significance. Therefore, in order to analyze the relationship between financial deepening and urban-rural income gap and solve the problem of excessive urban-rural income gap, this paper carried out relevant research. On the basis of defining the concept of finance and the connotation of income gap between urban and rural areas, this paper analyzes the present situation of financial deepening in China from three aspects: the total amount of financial assets, the structure of financial assets and the efficiency of financial asset allocation. This paper analyzes the current situation of urban-rural income gap in China from Gini coefficient, absolute income gap and income gap index. The paper will reflect the following variables of the degree of financial deepening in China: the proportion of the generalized money supply to GDP, the proportion of the loan balance of the financial institutions to the GDP, the proportion of the loan balance of the financial institutions to the balance of deposits. The proportion of agricultural loans to the balance of loans of financial institutions is regarded as independent variable, and the index of urban-rural income gap is taken as dependent variable to reflect the income gap between urban and rural areas in China, and a multivariate linear regression model is established. Through this model, the author finds that there is a positive correlation between the ratio of generalized money supply to GDP, which reflects the degree of financial deepening in China, and the urban-rural income gap index, the coefficient of which is 1.901938; There is also a positive correlation between the ratio of loan balance of financial institutions to GDP and the urban-rural income gap index, the coefficient of which is 1.887650; There is a negative correlation between the ratio of agricultural loans to the loan balance of financial institutions and the urban-rural income gap index, whose coefficient is -3.155390; The other variable, the proportion of loan balance of financial institutions to the balance of deposits, has no significant effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. The article also points out that the allocation of rural money funds is insufficient, the rural financial institutions do not give full play to their functions, the rural financial market lacks effective competition mechanism, the rural financial innovation is insufficient, and the rural township enterprises lack financial support. Agricultural finance itself faces some special risks and summarizes the reasons for the excessive income gap between urban and rural areas in China. In view of the above problems, the author tries to speed up the development of rural finance, improve the construction of our financial system, improve the operational efficiency of financial institutions, effectively prevent the outflow of rural funds, make them better serve the rural areas, and expand the financing channels of township enterprises. To solve the problem of township enterprises' funds and accelerate the development of rural insurance market, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas in China.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832;F124.7

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