宁夏西吉县空间贫困及其分异机制研究

发布时间：2019-03-06 16:35

【摘要】：贫困,是人类社会产生以来就存在的一种经济现象,同时也是一种社会现象。寻求摆脱贫困,追求幸福生活,是人类从古至今从未间断过的艰苦斗争和实践活动。当今,贫困问题仍然是全世界密切关注的重大经济社会问题,也是中国贫困地区社会主义经济建设中亟待解决的重大战略问题。中国经过三十多年的扶贫工作,农村贫困人口逐年减少,贫困分布特征也随之发生了变化：贫困人口主要集中在西北黄土高原区、西南大石山区、秦巴贫困山区以及青藏高寒区等几类地区,贫困在空间分布上呈现出明显的地缘性特征。这就是“空间贫困”(spatial poverty)理论和“贫困地理学”(The Geography of Poverty)所研究的范围。文章以《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011—2020年)》确定的宁夏六盘山连片特困区内的西吉县为研究对象,以乡镇为基本单元,以空间贫困和贫困地理等相关理论为指导,分别从自然、社会和经济三个方面,构建了影响区域贫困的17个指标体系,通过Pearson相关分析对致贫因子和消贫因子进行了区分,应用OLS回归分析量化了各因素的影响度,在GIS和BP-ANN技术支撑下,模拟地理资本指数及其空间分布,计算空间贫困指数,划分空间贫困地域类型和绘制空间贫困地图,揭示空间贫困格局及其分异机制,提供贫困地域类型分异的解释框架,主要研究结论包括： (1)通过Pearson相关分析,得到区域贫困的机制问题总结为：自然条件是一个区域最基础的致贫因素,而社会致贫条件在此基础上加剧了这种贫困趋势；经济条件则是缓解区域贫困化的有效消贫因素。并通过OLS回归估计分析,量化了各因素对区域贫困的影响程度； (2)基于GIS和BP神经网络的空间模拟分析表明：自然致贫指数高和较高的共有8个乡镇,主要集中在东北土石山区,自然致贫指数较小的乡镇分布在葫芦河川道区和西南黄土丘陵沟壑区的部分地区；社会致贫指数较大的8个乡镇主要集中在西吉县的南部地区和东北部地区,这8个乡镇最大的共同点就是回族人口所占比重都超过了70%以上；经济消贫指数的空间分布特征没有自然、社会致贫指数那么明显,其分布相对凌乱,没有明显的规律。吉强镇是西吉县行政中心所在地,经济贸易活动频繁,较其他乡镇经济发展水平较高。 (3)基于扶贫压力指数所定义的区域贫困程度分析表明：扶贫压力指数比较大的乡镇还是主要分布在西吉北部及东北部的土石山区,恶劣的自然条件、过大的社会(人口)压力及落后的经济基础等三个与区域贫困相关的典型因素,导致了这个区域扶贫压力指数的偏大及贫困程度的偏高。结合上述研究,进一步提出了西吉县各乡镇在扶贫过程中的对策建议,主要包括： (1)水资源是西吉县发展经济最大的限制性因素,所以要想法通过引水工程解决水资源问题。 (2)在自然致贫指数高的乡镇重点保护生态环境,在条件较好的区域发展设施农业,条件恶劣的地区实施生态移民。 (3)在社会致贫指数高和经济消贫指数低的乡镇完善基础设施建设,促进社会经济发展。 (4)西吉县要整体加强教育、卫生等社会保障建设,提高农民的整体素质。
[Abstract]:Poverty, a kind of economic phenomenon that existed since the production of human society, is also a kind of social phenomenon. Seeking to get rid of poverty and the pursuit of a happy life is the hard struggle and the practical activities that the human has never interrupted since the ancient time. Nowadays, the problem of poverty is still a major economic and social problem of close attention to the whole world. It is also a major strategic problem to be solved urgently in the construction of the socialist economy in the poor areas of China. After more than 30 years of poverty alleviation, the rural poor in the countryside have been reduced year by year, and the distribution of poverty has also changed. The poverty-stricken population is mainly concentrated in the northwest Loess Plateau, the mountainous area in the southwest, the poor mountainous area of the Qinba and the high and cold areas in the Qinghai-Tibet region. In the region, poverty has a distinct geographical position in the spatial distribution. This is the sign of the "space poverty" of the theory and the "poverty geography" of Povelty. The paper is guided by the relevant theories such as the spatial poverty and the poverty geography from the three sides of the natural, the society and the economy, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, taking the villages and towns as the basic units, and taking the towns as the basic units. In this paper,17 index systems for regional poverty were constructed, and the factors of poverty reduction and poverty reduction were distinguished by Pearson correlation analysis. The influence of each factor was quantified by using OLS regression analysis, and the geographic capital index and its space were simulated under the support of GIS and BP-ANN. The paper, by calculating the spatial poverty index, dividing the spatial poverty area type and drawing the spatial poverty map, reveals the spatial poverty pattern and its differentiation mechanism, and provides an explanation framework for the type differentiation of the poverty area, and the main research conclusion package includes: (1) passing the Pearson phase On the mechanism of regional poverty by cross-cutting analysis The summary is that natural conditions are the most basic causes of poverty in a region, and the conditions of social poverty increase the trend of poverty. The economic conditions are the existence of the poverty alleviation in the region. The effect of the factors on regional poverty is quantified by the regression estimation of OLS. the influence degree of the (2) based on the GIS and the BP neural network The results of the inter-simulation show that the natural poverty index is high and the higher of the total is 8 towns, mainly The villages and towns concentrated in the mountainous area of the north-east and the lower index of natural poverty are distributed in some parts of the river channel area of the calabash and the hilly and gully regions of the south-west loess. The 8 townships with a large social poverty index are mainly concentrated in the south of the Xiji County. The largest common ground in the eight towns is that the proportion of the Hui's population is over 70%. The spatial distribution of the economic and poverty-eliminating index is not natural and the social-poverty index is obvious, and its distribution is relatively high. There is no obvious law. Jiqiang Town is the location of the administrative center of Xiji County, and the economic and trade activities are frequent and other countries The level of the town's economic development is high. (3) It is based on the poverty-relief pressure index. The analysis of the regional poverty level shows that the rural towns with relatively large poverty-relief pressure index are mainly distributed in the north and the north-east of Xiji The typical factors related to regional poverty, such as the mountainous area, the severe natural conditions, the overlarge social (population) pressure and the backward economic base, have led to the poverty relief pressure in the region In combination with the above-mentioned research, this paper further puts forward the villages and towns in Xiji County. The countermeasures in the process of poverty alleviation mainly include: (1) the water resource is the most restrictive factor of the development economy in Xiji County, and in order to solve the problem of water resources through the water diversion project, (2) to protect the ecological environment in the areas with high natural poverty index, and to develop in a better condition The implementation of eco-migration in areas with poor agricultural and living conditions. (3) The index of poverty-related poverty and the economic and poverty-eliminating index To improve the construction of the infrastructure and promote the social and economic development of the low villages and towns; and (4) the whole city of Xiji
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F129.9

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