低碳经济背景下山西省出口商品结构优化研究

发布时间：2019-04-19 19:25

【摘要】：如今全球气候变化对经济社会的可持续发展造成了严重威胁，人类社会越来越重视化石燃料燃烧产生的温室气体对环境的污染破坏。2011年中国碳排放量占全球的29%，为全球碳排放量最多的国家。但作为制造业大国，中国接近全球30%的排放量与其他国家消费的产品有关，也就是说不断扩张的出口贸易是碳排放量增加的驱动因素，，中国的环境危机已经影响到整个国家的经济发展和国际形象。加之发达国家借环境保护之名设置绿色贸易壁垒来制裁他国经济，未来产品的竞争将不仅是技术和质量的竞争，也是节能环保水平的竞争。山西作为能源大省，主要出口商品煤炭、焦炭、不锈钢及金属镁均是高能耗、高污染、高排放产品，消耗了大量基础性资源，对生态环境造成了极大的破坏，对外贸易的可持续发展面临巨大挑战。因此，为解决以上问题，促进山西省出口贸易的持续、健康、稳定发展，必须综合考虑当前国际贸易新形势，合理调整出口贸易结构，选择适宜的出口战略，发展低碳出口贸易。在低碳经济发展的潮流下，本文分析总结了国内外学者的研究成果，得出：国际贸易也是影响一国能源利用以及二氧化碳等温室气体排放的重要因素，而且一个国家可以简单地通过进口所需产品（最有可能是能源或者碳密集产品）替代国内相应产品的生产的行为，来减少其国内报告的总排放量。但却忽略了将实现可持续发展与优化出口贸易结构联系起来，缺少从调整出口贸易结构来实现环境保护、降低污染的政策建议。仅有的文献大多也是就全国而言，具体涉及到某一省份的研究很少。因此本文将视角着眼于山西，着重研究山西该如何优化出口贸易结构，以适应全球低碳经济的发展趋势。本文通过描述山西省低碳经济发展现状，分析得出低碳视角下山西省出口商品结构存在的不足之处。接着详细分析了山西出口商品结构优化的有利条件与困难，良好的社会经济环境、丰富的清洁能源、综改试验区的建立及政府政策的支持都是我省出口结构优化的有利条件，而产业结构、经济发展、技术问题、能源问题和制度问题则是我省面临的主要挑战。之后对影响山西出口结构优化的因素进行了多元实证分析，得出产业结构的改善对出口商品结构优化有着显著的正效应，短期来看山西省工业技术进步不足以推动出口商品结构的优化，经济的发展仍然依靠能源的大量消耗，但从长期来看推动出口结构优化的主要动力还是技术进步，另外环境保护程度的提高对我省出口贸易结构的优化也有正向的促进作用。最后针对山西的具体省情提出了合理的政策建议，关键是要改善产业结构、开发新能源、提高能源利用率、完善绿色金融机制及财政税收优惠政策。
[Abstract]:Today, global climate change poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of the economy and society, and human society is paying more and more attention to the pollution and destruction of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion. In 2011, China accounted for 29% of the world's carbon emissions. For the most carbon-emitting countries in the world. But as a manufacturing power, China's nearly 30% global emissions are related to products consumed by other countries, meaning that expanding export trade is the driver of the increase in carbon emissions. China's environmental crisis has affected the economic development and international image of the whole country. In addition, developed countries set up green trade barriers in the name of environmental protection to sanction the economies of other countries, the future competition of products will be not only the competition of technology and quality, but also the competition of energy-saving and environmental protection level. As a major energy province, Shanxi is a major export of coal, coke, stainless steel and magnesium metal are high energy consumption, high pollution, high emission products, consuming a large number of basic resources, causing great damage to the ecological environment. The sustainable development of foreign trade is facing great challenges. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems and promote the sustainable, healthy and stable development of Shanxi's export trade, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the current new international trade situation, rationally adjust the export trade structure, and choose the appropriate export strategy. We will develop low-carbon export trade. Under the trend of low-carbon economy development, this paper analyzes and summarizes the research results of scholars at home and abroad, and concludes that international trade is also an important factor affecting a country's energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, and so on. And a country can simply reduce its reported total emissions by simply importing the products it needs (most likely energy or carbon-intensive products) to replace the production of its domestic counterparts. However, it neglects to link the sustainable development with the optimization of export trade structure, and lacks the policy suggestions to realize environmental protection and reduce pollution by adjusting the export trade structure. Most of the literature is also for the whole country, specific to a province of research is rare. Therefore, this paper will focus on Shanxi, focusing on how to optimize the export trade structure, in order to adapt to the development trend of global low-carbon economy. By describing the development of low-carbon economy in Shanxi Province, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of export commodity structure in Shanxi Province from a low-carbon perspective. Then it analyzes in detail the favorable conditions and difficulties of Shanxi export commodity structure optimization, a good socio-economic environment, rich clean energy, the establishment of comprehensive reform experimental areas and the support of government policies are all favorable conditions for optimizing the export structure of Shanxi Province. Industrial structure, economic development, technical problems, energy problems and system problems are the main challenges facing our province. After that, the factors affecting the optimization of Shanxi export structure are analyzed, and the results show that the improvement of industrial structure has a significant positive effect on the optimization of export commodity structure. In the short term, the industrial and technological progress of Shanxi Province is not enough to promote the optimization of the export commodity structure, and the economic development still relies on a large amount of energy consumption, but in the long run, the main driving force to promote the optimization of the export structure is technological progress. In addition, the improvement of environmental protection has a positive effect on the optimization of export trade structure of our province. Finally, some reasonable policy suggestions are put forward for Shanxi province. The key is to improve the industrial structure, develop new energy, improve the energy efficiency, perfect the green financial mechanism and fiscal and tax preferential policies.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.8;F124.5

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