论燕北西辽河地区的经济形态与地理环境的互动关系——从环境史角度考察

发布时间：2019-04-24 02:33

【摘要】：燕北西辽河地区史前及历史时期的经济形态具有多样性和易变性的特点,经济形态的多样性在很大程度上决定于自然环境和资源禀赋的多样性,而经济形态的不稳定性的重要诱因则是气候等环境因素的变迁和波动。在燕北西辽河流域这个干旱半干旱的生态环境脆弱地区,选择与资源禀赋相适应的多样化经济形态可减轻对某类资源的压力,缓解人口与资源的矛盾。如果无视自然环境的特点,大面积高强度发展农业则会加重土地的载荷,导致环境退化乃至生态危机。燕北西辽河地区日益加剧的沙化趋势及其它生态环境问题,均与过密的农业耕作有关联。夏家店下层文化时期、辽代、清代以来本区发生的过度农业垦殖导致生态环境的恶化就是典型例证。历史教训是:应针对不同地区土地特性和资源禀赋,采用与环境相适应的经济形态,必须根据自然环境特点选择生业,同时,经济活动不能超过自然的载荷。对于燕北西辽河流域这样的生态脆弱地区,经济活动方式的选择尤须慎重。
[Abstract]:The prehistoric and historical economic forms of Liaohe River region in the west of Yanbei are characterized by diversity and variability. The diversity of economic forms depends to a large extent on the diversity of natural environment and resource endowment. The important inducement of the instability of economic form is the change and fluctuation of climate and other environmental factors. In the arid and semi-arid ecological environment fragile area of Liaohe River basin in the northwest of Yanbei, the choice of diversified economic forms suitable for resource endowment can reduce the pressure on certain resources and alleviate the contradiction between population and resources. If we ignore the characteristics of the natural environment, large-scale and high-intensity development of agriculture will aggravate the load on the land, leading to environmental degradation and even ecological crisis. The aggravating trend of desertification and other eco-environmental problems in Liaohe River area in the west of Yanbei are related to over-dense farming. Xiajiadian lower culture period, Liao Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, the excessive agricultural reclamation occurred in this area led to the deterioration of the ecological environment is a typical example. The historical lesson is that according to the land characteristics and resource endowments of different areas, we should adopt the economic form adapted to the environment, choose the living industry according to the characteristics of the natural environment, and at the same time, the economic activities should not exceed the natural load. For the eco-fragile area such as Liaohe River basin in the north-west of Yanbei, the choice of economic activity mode should be cautious.
【作者单位】：辽宁大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“中国北方西辽河流域农牧经济形态演变与生态环境变迁研究”(批准号:09XZS011) 辽宁大学中国近现代史学科国家专项经费资助课题“西辽河流域环境史研究述论”(课题编号:D02139201505)
【分类号】：X2-09;F129

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