青岛市外商直接投资产业选择研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 07:26

【摘要】：二十世纪八十年代，随着全球经济一体化趋势日益增强和国际分工的不断深化，国际间资本流动加速，生产要素跨国流动的自由化程度越来越高，这预示着世界经济步入了一个新的发展阶段。外资作为经济活动中最活跃、最重要的因素，在经济发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色，甚至成为发展中国家经济起飞和持续增长的主要推动力量之一。然而，经济的发展不仅是总产出持续的增长，还对经济结构的不断优化变迁提出了更高的要求。产业结构又是经济结构最重要的组成部分，产业结构的优化升级是推动经济增长不可或缺的因素。经济全球化浪潮中，产业结构的变动除了自身因素的影响外，还受到与外部经济因素的干扰，比如国际贸易、国际金融和外商直接投资等。其中，外商直接投资（FDI）是影响产业结构变动的重要外部因素。作为我国第一批沿海开放城市之一的青岛，是山东省内吸收外资最多的城市。三十多年来，青岛市利用外商直接投资已经形成了全方位、多层次、宽领域的引资格局，取得了巨大的成绩。外商直接投资已经成为促进青岛经济增长、增加收入和扩大就业的重要因素。通过利用外资，青岛市引进了大量的资金、技术和先进的管理经验，并由此促进了当地产业技术水平的提高和调整，有力的促进了青岛的经济发展。但是，在引进外资促进经济发展的同时，也不可避免的存在着不容忽视的负面效应，比如：外商直接投资的行业结构和产业结构不合理,投向第二产业的比重过大；引进项目多为劳动密集型产业，技术含量低，且存在低水平重复引进和建设等问题；一些外商将污染性产业以及淘汰的技术、设备和生产工艺等转移，对生态环境造成不利影响。并且从全国来看，目前我国吸引外资已经从80年代大规模、无选择或少选择、重数量阶段转变为高水平、重选择、讲质量的阶段。综上所述，作为山东省甚至全国对外开放的主要窗口，分析青岛市外商直接投资的产业结构特点，研究如何利用外商直接投资促进产业结构优化升级，，从而实现青岛市经济社会全面协调可持续发展，就具有十分重要的现实意义。本文在全力建设山东半岛蓝色经济区的背景下，针对青岛市的具体情况，对引进外资进行甄别和分析，研究青岛市利用外资的战略目标、战略方向和产业选择等，具体指出优先引进哪些产业、禁止引进哪些产业，为相关部门制定利用外资政策提供参考。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, with the increasing trend of global economic integration and the deepening of the international division of labor, international capital flows accelerated, and the degree of liberalization of cross-border flows of factors of production became more and more high. This indicates that the world economy has entered a new stage of development. As the most active and important factor in economic activities, foreign capital plays a more and more important role in economic development, and even becomes one of the main driving forces of developing countries' economic take-off and sustained growth. However, the development of economy is not only the continuous growth of total output, but also puts forward higher requirements for the continuous optimization and change of economic structure. Industrial structure is also the most important part of economic structure, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is an indispensable factor to promote economic growth. In the tide of economic globalization, the change of industrial structure is not only influenced by its own factors, but also interfered with external economic factors, such as international trade, international finance and foreign direct investment. Among them, the foreign direct investment (FDI) is the important external factor which affects the industrial structure change. Qingdao, one of the first coastal open cities in China, is the city with the largest amount of foreign investment in Shandong Province. In the past three decades, Qingdao has made great achievements in attracting foreign investment in all-round, multi-level and wide fields. Foreign direct investment has become an important factor to promote economic growth, increase income and expand employment in Qingdao. Through the use of foreign capital, Qingdao has introduced a lot of capital, technology and advanced management experience, and thus promoted the improvement and adjustment of the local industrial technology level, and effectively promoted the economic development of Qingdao. However, while introducing foreign capital to promote economic development, there are inevitable negative effects that can not be ignored. For example: the industrial structure and industrial structure of foreign direct investment is unreasonable, the proportion to the secondary industry is too large; Most of the imported projects are labor-intensive industries with low technical content and problems such as low-level repeated introduction and construction. Some foreign investors will transfer polluting industries, technologies, equipment and production processes, which will adversely affect the ecological environment. And from the national point of view, at present, our country has attracted foreign capital from the 80's large-scale, no choice or little choice, heavy quantity stage to high level, emphasis on choice, emphasis on the quality of the stage. In summary, as the main window of Shandong Province and even the whole country, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the industrial structure of foreign direct investment in Qingdao, and studies how to use foreign direct investment to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Thus, it is of great practical significance to realize the overall coordinated and sustainable development of Qingdao's economy and society. Under the background of constructing the blue economic zone of Shandong Peninsula, this paper discriminates and analyzes the introduction of foreign capital according to the specific situation of Qingdao City, and studies the strategic target, strategic direction and industrial choice of Qingdao City's utilization of foreign capital, and so on. It points out which industries are first introduced and which industries are forbidden to be introduced, which provides reference for the relevant departments to formulate policies on the utilization of foreign capital.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.6;F127

【参考文献】