门式起重机波纹腹板主梁结构性能分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-01-23 00:09

本文关键词： 门式起重机波纹腹板优化设计屈曲分析可靠性分析　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：箱形梁门式起重机由于具有安全性高、刚度大等优点,广泛应用于建筑、生产、物流等多个领域。箱形梁门机金属结构的重量通常占整机自重的60%以上,一些大型门机则达到90%,因此,对其进行轻量化研究非常有必要。起重机金属结构轻量化设计具有多种方法,包括使用高强度合金材料、改进加工工艺与采用更有利的结构形式等。而前两种方法往往受到成本和现有加工技术条件的限制,因此,通过改进门机结构形式实现轻量化成为了研究的重点。本文借鉴桥梁和房屋建筑领域应用广泛的波纹腹板箱形梁结构,对箱形梁门式起重机轻量化进行了研究。本文以某厂生产的额定起重量为40t、跨度为30m的带悬臂箱形双梁门式起重机为研究对象,选用合适的波纹形状与尺寸,设计出波纹腹板门式起重机。利用ANSYS建立传统直腹板门机与波纹腹板门机的有限元模型,分析并比较两种门机结构的静强度、静刚度与自重。结果表明:两种门机结构的静强度和静刚度均满足要求,但波纹腹板门机结构的静强度和静刚度略有下降;与传统直腹板门机相比,波纹腹板门机门架结构节约钢材7776kg,自重降低8.01%。综合应用有限元分析软件ANSYS与多学科优化平台ISIGHT对波纹腹板门式起重机和传统直腹板门式起重机进行优化设计。与优化后传统直腹板门机相比,优化后波纹腹板门机门架结构节约钢材6381kg,自重降低7.56%,实现了轻量化设计。研究了优化后波纹腹板门机的静态和动态性能。首先,应用ANSYS校核门机的静强度和静刚度;考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的影响,采用一致缺陷模态法模拟波纹腹板初始几何缺陷,对波纹腹板门机主梁进行非线性屈曲分析,校核门机主梁波纹腹板的局部稳定性。分析结果表明:优化后波纹腹板门机的静强度、静刚度与主梁波纹腹板的局部稳定性均满足要求。然后,运用分块兰索斯法对波纹腹板门机结构进行模态分析,得到满载小车位于跨中时门机的前8阶固有频率和振型,其中第7阶振型为门机在垂直方向的振动,固有频率为3.727Hz,在推荐值2Hz～4Hz之间,说明门机结构的动刚度满足要求。最后,利用ANSYS分析了波纹腹板门式起重机在起吊货物突然离开地面时的动态响应特性。考虑波纹腹板门机材料特性、载荷及尺寸参数的不确定性,基于强度失效理论,利用ANSYS的PDS模块对波纹腹板门机结构系统进行可靠性分析。结果表明:吊重Q的不确定性是影响门机结构可靠度的关键因素;当吊重最大超载10%时,波纹腹板门机的可靠度为99.207%;当不存在超载情况时,波纹腹板门机的可靠度为99.944%。
[Abstract]:Box girder gantry crane is widely used in many fields such as construction, production, logistics and so on because of its high safety and high stiffness. The weight of metal structure of box girder door crane usually accounts for more than 60% of the weight of the whole machine. Some large gantry cranes are up to 90, so it is necessary to study the lightweight of crane metal structures, including the use of high-strength alloy materials. The first two methods are often limited by cost and existing technological conditions. Through improving the structure form of portal crane to achieve lightweight has become the focus of research. This paper draws lessons from the widely used corrugated web box beam structure in the field of bridge and building construction. The light weight of box-girder gantry crane is studied in this paper. In this paper, the box-type crane with cantilever box gantry is studied, which has a rated lifting weight of 40 t and a span of 30 m. The corrugated web gantry crane was designed with suitable corrugated shape and size. The finite element model of traditional straight web portal crane and corrugated web portal crane was established by ANSYS. The static strength, static stiffness and deadweight of the two kinds of portal crane structures are analyzed and compared. The results show that the static strength and stiffness of the two kinds of portal crane structures meet the requirements, but the static strength and the static stiffness of corrugated web portal crane structures decrease slightly. Compared with the traditional straight web door machine, the structure of corrugated web door crane can save 7776kg of steel. The optimization design of corrugated web portal crane and traditional straight web portal crane was carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS and the multidisciplinary optimization platform ISIGHT. After the traditional straight web door machine compared. The optimized corrugated web portal gantry structure saves 6381kg of steel, reduces the weight 7.56 and realizes the lightweight design. The static and dynamic performance of the optimized corrugated web portal crane is studied. First of all, the static and dynamic properties of the corrugated web portal crane are studied. The static strength and stiffness of the door crane were checked by ANSYS. Considering the influence of material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity, the uniform defect mode method is used to simulate the initial geometric defects of corrugated web plate, and the nonlinear buckling analysis of the main beam of corrugated web portal crane is carried out. The results show that the static strength, stiffness and local stability of the corrugated web of the main beam can meet the requirements. The modal analysis of corrugated web portal crane structure is carried out by using block Ranssos method, and the first eight natural frequencies and modes of the full-load trolley are obtained, in which the seventh vibration mode is the vibration of the portal crane in the vertical direction. The natural frequency is 3.727Hz. between the recommended value of 2Hz and 4Hz, it shows that the dynamic stiffness of the gantry structure meets the requirements. The dynamic response characteristics of corrugated web gantry crane were analyzed by ANSYS, and the uncertainty of material characteristics, load and dimension parameters of corrugated web portal crane was considered. Based on the strength failure theory, the reliability analysis of corrugated web portal crane structure system is carried out by using PDS module of ANSYS. The results show that the uncertainty of hoisting Q is the key factor affecting the reliability of portal crane structure. The reliability of the corrugated web door crane is 99.207 when the maximum overloading of the crane is 10; When there is no overload, the reliability of the corrugated web door crane is 99.94444.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH213.5

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