压缩机负载下永磁同步电机损耗分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-04-04 04:37

本文选题：永磁同步电机　切入点：周期性波动　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：压缩机在工业生产领域的应用越来越广泛,而永磁同步电机具有起动特性好、温升低、效率高、力能指标高等优点,是压缩机行业驱动电机的发展趋势。本文介绍了压缩机的工作原理和压缩机用永磁同步电机的设计特点,针对压缩机的运行特点设计了一台额定功率为22kW的永磁同步电机,在分析电机损耗特性基础上对电机进行优化设计。首先,根据电机设计要求和负载特性,利用场路结合的方法对电机进行设计和仿真分析,确定了电机的结构参数,包括以效率和齿槽转矩为约束条件选取极槽配合;以齿槽转矩、漏磁因数和电机装配难易度为约束条件选取气隙长度;综合考虑电机的电磁性能、绝缘因素和冷却条件确定电磁负荷;以磁钢的散热条件、经济性和抗不可逆去磁能力为考虑因素确定转子参数。随后分析了所设计电机的空载特性和负载特性,验证电机设计方案合理性。其次,建立空载损耗和负载损耗的计算模型,仿真计算出压缩机用永磁同步电机的空载铁耗、空载电流引起的损耗增量、电机铜耗、电机额定负载下的损耗增量,并对电机空载和额定负载下引起损耗增量的各个因素进行分析。其中,负载分为恒转矩负载和波动性负载。根据压缩机运行工况,将波动性负载简化成正弦波波动负载和三角波波动负载,分别分析负载下电机的损耗特性。再次,在保证电机正常出力的前提下,对电机的气隙磁场进行优化设计,包括永磁体结构优化和转子冲片优化。利用分段式永磁体模拟不等厚永磁体结构;用非同心圆结构的转子冲片等效非均匀气隙。对比分析不同结构下电机的气隙磁密基波幅值、3次谐波分量、3次谐波分量占比、谐波畸变率、齿槽转矩和空载反电势,确定电机磁场优化方案。最后,计算电机直轴交轴同步电抗,分析电机的电磁转矩和磁阻转矩,为提高电机在波动负载下的抗干扰能力,对电机的隔磁桥和转子轭部分进行结构优化。通过仿真得出的结论为:随着隔磁桥宽度变窄和转子轭部矩形孔数量增加,都会减小直轴交轴同步电抗倒数之差,进而降低磁阻转矩的绝对值,提高电机抗干扰能力。
[Abstract]:The compressor is used more and more widely in the field of industrial production, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor has a good starting performance, Wen Shengdi, high efficiency, power factor etc., is the development trend of compressor industry driving motor. This paper introduces the design characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor working principle and compressor, permanent magnet synchronous motor at the operation characteristics of the compressor is designed with a rated power of 22kW, based on the analysis of characteristics of motor motor loss optimization design. Firstly, according to the design requirements of the motor and load characteristics, using the field circuit combined method to analyze the design and Simulation of the motor, the motor structure parameters were determined, including efficiency and cogging torque is the selection of constraints of pole slot match; the cogging torque, magnetic flux leakage factor and motor assembly difficulty as the constraint condition selection of air gap length; considering the electromagnetic electric machine Can the insulation and cooling conditions, factors determine the electromagnetic radiation condition to load; the magnetic steel economy determine the rotor parameters and anti irreversible demagnetization ability into account. Then analyze the no-load characteristics and load characteristics of the designed motor, motor design verified rationality. Secondly, establish the calculation model of no-load loss and load loss. Simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor no-load iron consumption of compressor, increment of no-load current caused by the motor, the copper consumption, loss motor rated load, and the no-load and rated load loss caused by various factors were analyzed. Among them, the load is divided into constant torque load and fluctuating load. According to the the compressor operating conditions, the fluctuation of the load is simplified as sine wave and triangular wave load fluctuation load, load loss characteristics were analyzed under the motor. Once again, in ensuring the normal motor The output of the premise, to optimize the design of air gap magnetic field of the motor, including punching structure optimization and optimization of permanent magnet rotor. By simulation of segmented permanent magnets with different thickness of permanent magnet structure; at the non-uniform air gap equivalent rotor for non concentric structure. The comparative analysis of different structure of air gap magnetic motor. The fundamental amplitude of the 3 harmonic component, 3 harmonic component ratio, harmonic distortion, cogging torque and no-load EMF, determine the magnetic field optimization. Finally, the calculation of the motor shaft axis synchronous reactance of the electromagnetic torque and the reluctance torque of the motor, in order to improve the anti-interference ability of motor fluctuations in load. Optimize the structure of magnetic bridge motor and rotor yoke part. Through the simulation conclusion is: with the number of magnetic bridge width and the rotor yoke rectangular hole increases, will reduce the D - and q-axis synchronous reactance is the difference between, in To reduce the absolute value of the reluctance torque, improve the anti-jamming ability of the motor.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH45;TM341

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