轻量化桥式起重机起升机构力学特性分析及试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 02:28

本文选题：轻量化　切入点：三支点支撑　出处：《江苏科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：桥式起重机作为起重机械中量大面广的一种机型,在工业安装以及物资的运输中起到了不可忽视的作用。国内桥式起重机的起升机构大多沿用前苏联的设计理念,整机结构笨重、体积大、能耗高,轻量化设计成为起重运输机械所面临的挑战和任务。因此,开展轻量化布局设计、支撑方案设计及力学特性分析,对起升机构的轻量化设计具有重要的意义。本文针对32t桥式起重机起升机构的三支点支撑布局方式,采用理论分析、数值计算和试验研究相结合的方式开展相关研究,主要的研究内容如下:1.通过分析起升机构的轻量化布置趋势,提出了基于集成模式的三支点布局方式,开展了新型布局方式下的基础力学分析,结合支撑和联结方案对力学性能的影响分析,提出典型支撑位置和典型支撑件相组合的四种轻量化起升机构支撑联接方案,并采用数值计算方法开展不同支撑方案的静力学分析,分析结果显示起升机构输入端支撑件对整机变形量影响较大,输出端支撑件对整机应力变形量较大,为寻求最优的支撑方案奠定理论基础。2.以减速器的应力应变为优化目标,开展支撑方式及位置对减速器力学性能的影响分析,以减速器输入输出端的应力和变形的力学分析为基础,采用响应面优化和多目标优化相结合的优化方法,对支撑位置开展优化设计,优化结果显示最大变形和应力与减速器两支点的支撑位置有关,输入端支撑件离减速器箱体越近,变形量越小,输出端支撑件离减速器箱体40mm,应力值最小,为轻量化起升机构的进一步结构优化做铺垫。3.对优化后的轻量化起升机构,开展静力学和动态特性分析,并与传统起升机构进行对比分析,分析结果显示出轻量化起升机构的受力薄弱点和变形薄弱点。重点针对薄弱点处开展动态响应分析,分析结果验证了轻量化起升机构新型布局方式的稳定性和可靠性。4.基于轻量化起升机构试验平台,开展起升机构中减速器的应力测试,测试结果的应力变化趋势与有限元分析结果基本一致,应力值误差在允许范围内,验证了仿真模型的正确性,为后续桥式起重机的轻量化设计奠定理论基础。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane, as a widely used crane, plays an important role in industrial installation and material transportation.The lifting mechanism of the bridge crane in China mostly follows the design idea of the former Soviet Union. The whole crane has heavy structure, large volume and high energy consumption. The lightweight design has become the challenge and task of the crane transportation machinery.Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out lightweight layout design, support scheme design and mechanical characteristics analysis for the lightweight design of hoisting mechanism.In this paper, the three fulcrum support layout of the lifting mechanism of 32t bridge crane is studied by the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental study. The main research contents are as follows: 1.By analyzing the trend of lightweight arrangement of hoisting mechanism, this paper puts forward a three-fulcrum layout method based on integrated mode, carries out the basic mechanics analysis under the new layout mode, and analyzes the influence of support and connection scheme on mechanical properties.In this paper, four kinds of lightweight lifting mechanism supporting connection schemes are proposed, which combine typical support positions with typical supports, and the statics analysis of different support schemes is carried out by using numerical calculation method.The analysis results show that the support at the input end of the hoisting mechanism has a great influence on the deformation of the whole machine, and the support at the output end has a large amount of stress and deformation on the whole machine, which lays a theoretical foundation for seeking the best supporting scheme.Aiming at the stress and strain of reducer, the influence of supporting mode and position on the mechanical properties of reducer is analyzed, and the mechanical analysis of stress and deformation at the input and output end of reducer is carried out.The optimum design of support position is carried out by combining response surface optimization with multi-objective optimization. The optimization results show that the maximum deformation and stress are related to the supporting position of the two fulcrum points of the reducer, and the closer the input support is to the reducer box,The smaller the deformation is, the 40 mm the output support is from the reducer box, and the minimum stress is obtained, which paves the way for further structural optimization of the lightweight hoisting mechanism.The static and dynamic characteristics of the optimized lightweight hoisting mechanism are analyzed and compared with the traditional lifting mechanism. The results show that the mechanical weakness and deformation weakness of the lightweight hoisting mechanism are shown.The dynamic response analysis is focused on the weak spot, and the results verify the stability and reliability of the new type of light weight hoisting mechanism.Based on the lightweight lifting mechanism test platform, the stress test of the reducer in the hoisting mechanism is carried out. The stress variation trend of the test results is basically consistent with that of the finite element analysis, and the error of the stress value is within the allowable range.The correctness of the simulation model is verified, which lays a theoretical foundation for the lightweight design of the subsequent bridge crane.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH215

【参考文献】