机械孔轴零件功能性尺寸研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 14:25

本文选题：热变形 + 非相似性特征　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着测量精度和机械精度的提高,以及机械制造业对精度要求的急速增长,机械热变形已经成为影响机械精度的关键因素。国内外对于机械热变形的重视程度不断提高。研究机械热变形不仅在理论基础上,而且在应用技术上都具有深刻的意义,具有重要的科研与工程应用价值。本文在国家自然科学基金项目“机械复杂形体热鲁棒性基础理论研究”(项目编号：51175142)和国家自然科学基金重大项目“功能形面结构与性能的耦合建模与影响机理研究”(项目编号：51490660/51490661)的支持下,以机械零件中最为基础且常见的孔轴零件作为研究对象,针对其热变形进行了系统深入的研究。本文主要内容包括：从宏观和微观层面分别论证了机械形体热变形非相似性特征的客观存在性。机械形体热变形非相似性研究长期局限于宏观试验验证,而缺乏微观层面的机理论证。论文采用了分子静力学理论与算法,对铝材料圆环原子模型径向热变形进行演化计算,论证了稳定均匀温度场中机械形体热变形非相似性特征的客观存在性和形成机理,完善了机械形体热变形理论基础。在宏观试验中,在基于原有实验研究成果和经验基础之上,对于处于均匀稳态温度场中的机械孔、轴类零件的径向热变形测量设计了专用夹具,该夹具可满足不同尺寸的零件测量,大幅缩短了因不同尺寸零件而需重新加工设计夹具的时间,提高了实验效率。基于最佳热配合理论和机械热鲁棒性结构设计,从温度变化下的机械孔、轴零件间隙变化,提出了机械孔轴零件功能性尺寸,并给予了工程应用。充分考虑工况温度和受力载荷对机械孔轴配合的影响,在设计机械孔轴零件最初便对零件尺寸和公差进行相应补偿,以确保工况下机械设备达到设计精度和最佳工作性能。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of measurement accuracy and mechanical precision, and the rapid growth of mechanical manufacturing precision requirements, mechanical thermal deformation has become the key factor to affect the mechanical accuracy. The degree of attention to mechanical thermal deformation is increasing at home and abroad. The study of mechanical thermal deformation is of great significance not only in theory but also in application technology and has important scientific research and engineering application value. In this paper, the coupling modeling and influencing mechanism of the structure and performance of the functional surface of the National Natural Science Foundation project "basic theory of thermal robustness of mechanical complex bodies" (project number: 51175142) and the major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) are presented. Supported by Research (Project No.: 51490660 / 51490661), Taking the most basic and common hole shaft parts of mechanical parts as the research object, the thermal deformation of mechanical parts is studied systematically and deeply. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the objective existence of dissimilarity characteristics of thermal deformation of mechanical body is demonstrated from macro and micro levels respectively. The research on thermal dissimilarity of mechanical body is limited to macroscopic test for a long time, but lack of mechanism demonstration at micro level. In this paper, molecular statics theory and algorithm are used to calculate the radial thermal deformation of aluminum ring atomic model, and the objective existence and formation mechanism of thermal deformation dissimilarity characteristics of mechanical body in stable and uniform temperature field are demonstrated. The theoretical basis of thermal deformation of mechanical body is perfected. In the macroscopic test, based on the original experimental results and experience, a special fixture is designed for measuring the radial thermal deformation of shaft parts with mechanical holes in a uniform steady temperature field. The fixture can meet the requirements of measuring parts of different sizes, which greatly reduces the time of remachining the fixture for different sizes and improves the efficiency of the experiment. Based on the theory of optimal thermal fit and the structural design of mechanical thermal robustness, the functional dimensions of mechanical hole shaft are proposed and applied in engineering from the change of mechanical hole and shaft clearance under temperature change. Considering the influence of working condition temperature and load on the matching of mechanical hole shaft, the dimension and tolerance of mechanical hole shaft are compensated at the beginning of the design to ensure the design precision and optimum working performance of mechanical equipment under working condition.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH161.4

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