斜盘式轴向柱塞泵流体振动溯源研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 00:01

本文选题：轴向柱塞泵 + 湍流模型　；参考：《燕山大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：液压系统振动是影响液压系统可靠性的关键因素之一,而液压泵又是液压系统振动的主要来源。液压泵的振动主要有机械振动和流体振动,其中流体振动主要是流量脉动和由于配流结构导致的压力冲击引起的。分析流体振动产生的原因,对液压泵的结构进行优化以减小结构原因引起的流体振动,在液压系统减振方面具有积极的理论与现实意义。本文以轴向柱塞泵为研究对象,采用理论分析和实验研究相结合的方法,从流场特性、振动传递规律和柱塞腔油击理论入手,研究轴向柱塞泵流场分析用湍流模型,轴向柱塞泵流量脉动特性,轴向柱塞泵谐响应与瞬态响应特性及最佳配流方法。针对轴向柱塞泵流场分析用湍流模型,采用数值模拟与PIV测试相结合的方法,建立轴向柱塞泵单柱塞-配流盘机理模型与实验模型,分别采用不同的计算模型进行数值模拟,通过对比涡系结构、流量、压力等参数,最终得到适合泵流场分析的湍流模型,并对模型的系数进行修正,使数值模拟的精度提高。针对轴向柱塞泵流量脉动特性,采用动网格与滑移网格技术,考虑油液可压缩性、柱塞阻尼孔和滑靴处油膜,建立轴向柱塞泵流场分析有限体积模型,用修正后湍流模型对泵进行瞬态流场分析,得到在不同压力和不同转速工况下柱塞泵流量脉动与压力波动和柱塞腔压力与流量的变化规律。为轴向柱塞泵瞬态响应分析提供理论基础。针对轴向柱塞泵谐响应与瞬态响应特性,建立整泵的有限元模型,通过谐响应分析得到轴向柱塞泵在实际安装约束条件下的固有模态;通过瞬态响应分析,得到轴向柱塞泵在流量脉动激励下的振动特性。针对轴向柱塞泵最佳配流,建立柱塞腔预升压和预卸压特性微分方程,以三角阻尼槽结构为例,给出最佳配流特性的结构优化设计方法,对泵结构进行优化设计,分析结构优化前后流场特性,验证结构优化设计方法的有效性;分析柱塞阻尼孔直径与滑靴处油膜厚度对轴向柱塞泵流量与压力特性的影响规律。建立轴向柱塞泵振动测试实验台,采用锤击法验证轴向柱塞泵固有模态,并分别测试在不同压力和不同转速工况下泵壳的振动规律,验证瞬态响应分析结果。
[Abstract]:The vibration of hydraulic system is one of the key factors affecting the reliability of hydraulic system, and hydraulic pump is the main source of vibration of hydraulic system. The vibration of hydraulic pump mainly includes mechanical vibration and fluid vibration, in which fluid vibration is mainly caused by flow pulsation and pressure shock caused by flow distribution structure. Analyzing the causes of fluid vibration and optimizing the structure of hydraulic pump to reduce the fluid vibration caused by structural reasons have positive theoretical and practical significance in reducing the vibration of hydraulic system. In this paper, the axial piston pump is taken as the research object, and the turbulent model for the flow field analysis of axial piston pump is studied by combining theoretical analysis with experimental research, starting with the flow field characteristics, vibration transfer law and plunger cavity oil shock theory. Flow pulsation characteristics of axial piston pump, harmonic and transient response characteristics of axial piston pump and optimal flow allocation method. Based on the turbulent model used in the flow field analysis of axial piston pump and the combination of numerical simulation and PIV test, the mechanism model and experimental model of single plunger distribution disk of axial piston pump are established, and the different calculation models are used to simulate the flow field of axial piston pump. By comparing the vortex structure, flow rate, pressure and other parameters, a turbulence model suitable for pump flow field analysis is obtained, and the coefficients of the model are modified to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation. According to the characteristics of flow pulsation of axial piston pump, a finite volume model for flow field analysis of axial piston pump is established by using dynamic mesh and sliding grid technology, considering the compressibility of oil, the damping hole of plunger and the oil film at slipper. The transient flow field of the pump is analyzed by using the modified turbulence model. The flow fluctuation and pressure fluctuation of the piston pump and the variation of the pressure and flow rate of the plunger cavity are obtained under different pressure and different rotational speed conditions. It provides a theoretical basis for the transient response analysis of axial piston pump. According to the harmonic and transient response characteristics of axial piston pump, the finite element model of the whole pump is established. The natural mode of axial piston pump under the actual installation constraint condition is obtained by harmonic response analysis, and the transient response analysis is carried out. The vibration characteristics of axial piston pump under flow pulsation excitation are obtained. According to the optimal flow distribution of axial piston pump, differential equations of pressure-pressured and pressure-relief characteristics of plunger cavity are established. Taking the structure of triangular damping tank as an example, the optimal design method of optimal flow distribution characteristics is given, and the structure of pump is optimized. The flow field characteristics before and after structural optimization are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the structural optimization design method and the influence of the diameter of the plunger damping hole and the oil film thickness on the flow and pressure characteristics of the axial piston pump is analyzed. The vibration test bench of axial piston pump was set up, and the inherent mode of axial piston pump was verified by hammering method. The vibration law of pump shell under different pressure and different rotational speed was measured, and the transient response analysis results were verified.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH137.51

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