轨道二维错位误差对起重机运行冲击系数的影响度研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 06:29

本文选题：运行冲击系数 + 轨道接头处误差　；参考：《太原科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在轨道或不平的道路上运行的起重机会在垂直方向产生冲击动力效应,所产生的冲击效应取决于整机的结构、车轮直径和运行速度及轨道接头处的状况等。而垂直冲击动力效应会造成整机垂直方向上的机械振动,进而降低起重机的运行性能。轨道接头处结构上的原因损坏了钢轨的连续性,降低了轨道的承载能力,增加了起重机运行的阻力和冲击。接头是轨道中的脆弱环节,在起重机运行到接头处时,接头处会承受很大的冲击力。运行着的起重机因此会受到同样大小、方向相反的反作用力。进而对在轨道上运行着的起重机造成重大安全隐患,本文针对轨道接头处对起重机运行产生的垂直冲击动力效应问题,进行理论性分析,为轨道接头处存在的隐患提供理论上的支持。本文利用的主要原理及方法:针对起重机轨道接头处引起垂直冲击动力效应的问题,建立了起重机运行在高低错位接头轨道上所引起的动载荷轮-轨刚体动力学模型,分析轨道缺陷对起重机运行冲击的影响度。根据等效单自由度系统在接头处的响应建立轮-轨系统运动微分方程,获得等效单自由度系统在接头处的运行冲击表达式,并与ISO8686-1:2012《起重机载荷与载荷组合的设计原则第1部分:总则》中接头处所引起的垂直冲击动力效应公式进行比对分析,进而为GB/T3811-2008《起重机设计规范》与ISO8686-1:2012《起重机载荷与载荷组合的设计原则第1部分:总则》方法的适用性提供理论依据。本文主要内容有:(1)在分析了解了国内外轨道上运行起重机(重点铸造式起重机)的发展趋势和研究现状的前提下,强调了本文论题研究在业内的重要性及紧迫性,并结合实例阐述了本课题的重大实际意义。进而提出了本课题的研究技术路线和拟解决的问题。(2)对国际标准ISO8686-1:2012《起重机载荷与载荷组合的设计原则第1部分:总则》中给出的接头处垂直冲击效应进行了详细的分析和介绍。并对其中关于系数?和系数?关系的正确性提出质疑,在基于MATLAB(R2010a)分析得到的系数?和系数?的关系函数曲线的基础之上对其做了修正。(3)针对轨道接头处对运行在其上的起重机会产生垂直冲击动力的问题,本文提出了新的分析垂直冲击动力效应的理论计算方法。将整个起重机在轨道上运行经过接头的过程分为车轮经过接头处时和车轮越过接头处后两个过程进行分析,并获得整个过程中最大的垂直冲击动力效应。以此为前提获得运行冲击系数的表达式,并与修正后国际标准ISO8686-1:2012《起重机载荷与载荷组合的设计原则第1部分:总则》中的运行冲击效应表达式和国家标准GB3811-2008给出的计算运行冲击系数的经验公式进行对比分析。(4)基于ANSYS/ADAMS软件进行仿真分析一节,分别对有限元法和虚拟样机技术进行了简要的介绍。对有限元法的基本原理及其解决问题的步骤进行了简单描述,本文采用世界范围内广泛应用的有限元分析(FEA)软件—ANSYS软件进行参数化建模分析。并结合基于机械系统动力学自动分析软件ADAMS进行运动学、动力学分析。接着对ADAMS软件的动力学分析算法、初始条件分析、求解方式及求解算法进行了简单介绍。
[Abstract]:The lifting opportunity that runs on a track or uneven road produces an impact power effect in the vertical direction. The impact effect depends on the structure of the whole machine, the diameter of the wheel, the speed of the running and the condition of the rail joint, etc. the vertical impact force will cause mechanical vibration on the vertical square of the whole machine, and then reduce the transport of the crane. The structural reasons of the rail joint damage the continuity of the rail, reduce the bearing capacity of the track, increase the resistance and impact of the crane operation. The joint is a fragile link in the track. When the crane runs to the joint, the joint will bear a great impact. The running crane will be the same size, In this paper, a theoretical analysis is made for the problem of vertical impact dynamic effect on the crane running at the rail joint. The theoretical support is provided for the hidden dangers existing in the rail joint. The main principles and methods used in this paper are as follows: In view of the problem of the vertical impact dynamic effect caused by the crane rail joint, the dynamic model of the dynamic load wheel rail rigid body caused by the crane running on the high and low dislocation rail is set up, and the influence degree of the track defect on the operation impact of the crane is analyzed. The wheel rail system is established according to the response of the equivalent single degree of freedom system at the joint. The differential equation of motion is used to obtain the expression of the impact of the equivalent single degree of freedom system at the joint, and the first part of the design principle of the load and load combination of the ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the comparison and analysis of the formula of the vertical impact dynamic effect caused by the general general > middle joint, and the design specification for the GB/T3811-2008< crane and ISO8686- The first part of the design principle of load and load combination of 1:2012< crane provides theoretical basis for the applicability of general principles. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) on the basis of analysis and understanding of the development trend and research status of crane (key casting crane) on the domestic and foreign orbits, it emphasizes the importance of the thesis research in the industry. The important practical significance of this subject is expounded with examples, and the research technical route and the problems to be solved are put forward. (2) the first part of the design principle of the load and load combination of the international standard ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the detailed analysis of the vertical impact effect at the joint given in the general rule. The correctness of the coefficient and coefficient relationship is questioned, and the correction is made on the basis of the relation function curve of coefficient? And coefficient based on MATLAB (R2010a) analysis. (3) this paper presents a new problem for the vertical impact of the lifting opportunity at the rail joint. The theoretical calculation method for analyzing the dynamic effect of vertical impact is analyzed. The process of running the whole crane through the joint in the track is divided into two processes, when the wheel passes through the joint and the wheel passes through the joint, and the maximum vertical impact force effect is obtained in the whole process. The first part of the design principle of the combined load and load of the revised international standard ISO8686-1:2012< crane: the expression of the impact effect in the general rule and the empirical formula of the impact coefficient given by the national standard GB3811-2008. (4) based on the ANSYS/ADAMS software, the simulation analysis is carried out, respectively. The basic principle of the finite element method and the steps to solve the problem are briefly described. In this paper, the parametric modeling and analysis of the FEA software, ANSYS software, which are widely used worldwide, are used in this paper, and the software A based on the automatic mechanical system dynamics analysis software is combined. DAMS carries out kinematics and dynamics analysis. Then, the dynamic analysis algorithm, initial condition analysis, solution method and solving algorithm of ADAMS software are briefly introduced.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH21

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