履带式起重机多路阀优化设计与工作特性分析

发布时间：2018-07-05 11:27

本文选题：履带式起重机 + 多路阀　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：多路阀广泛应用于起重运输车辆、煤矿机械、工程机械,其性能优劣对该设备的控制特性和工作效率都将产生较大的影响。由于工业现代化水平的不断发展,对工程机械的稳定性、系统效率等有了更高的需求,从而使现有多路阀的工作特性不能满足实际的需要。目前国内多路阀存在的问题主要有:工作流量不稳定、操作力不易控制、系统效率低等。针对这些问题,开展对多路阀静态性能、动态性能的研究显得非常重要。本文是基于湖南鸿辉科技有限公司与中联重科工程起重机分公司的合作项目,开发研制了用于履带式起重机的多路阀,并以此为对象,开展了旨在提高该多路阀工作性能的理论计算分析、仿真分析和试验验证等工作。首先对多路阀进行了理论设计计算与分析,详细阐述了其结构特点和工作原理。通过设计计算确定了多路阀的主要尺寸和参数,对多路阀的内泄漏量进行计算及换向阀阀芯移动分析。针对压力补偿阀的受力分析及负载敏感系统效率分析,可知采用阀前并联减压阀可以使执行机构的运动速度不受负载变化影响,提高系统的工作稳定性。并对多路阀阀芯节流口进行了设计,采用U形和UU形节流口组合形式,通过计算分析并运用Matlab绘制其过流面积曲线,其过流面积随位移的变化,先慢后快,可以实现对流量的多级节流控制。运用AMESim软件建立履带式起重机多路阀的系统仿真模型,针对其内泄漏量、压力损失、流量调节特性以及负载敏感特性进行仿真分析。并对影响多路阀工作稳定性的参数,压力补偿阀的弹簧预紧力以及反馈油路阻尼口直径进行仿真优化,通过减少压力补偿阀的弹簧预紧力和反馈阻尼口直径可以减小系统压力流量的波动,从而提高多路阀的工作平稳性。为了验证设计方案的可行性以及对仿真结果进行验证分析对比,在液压综合试验台上对多路阀进行相关性能试验工作。对多路阀的耐压特性、换向性能、压力损失、流量微动特性等进行了试验工作,考核各项技术指标符合设计要求。并在ZCC550H履带式起重机上进行了装机试验,通过在不同工况下进行测试,结果显示多路阀的工作性能比较稳定,控制特性好。
[Abstract]:Multi-way valve is widely used in crane transportation vehicle, coal mine machinery and construction machinery. Its performance will have a great impact on the control characteristics and working efficiency of the equipment. Due to the continuous development of the industrial modernization level, there is a higher demand for the stability and system efficiency of the construction machinery, which makes the working characteristics of the existing multi-way valves unable to meet the actual needs. At present, the main problems of multi-way valves in China are: unstable working flow, difficult to control operating power, low system efficiency and so on. To solve these problems, it is very important to study the static and dynamic performance of multiway valves. Based on the cooperative project between Hunan Honghui Technology Co., Ltd and Zhonglian heavy Engineering Crane Company, a multi-way valve for crawler crane is developed and used as the object. In order to improve the performance of the multiplex valve, theoretical analysis, simulation analysis and test verification are carried out. At first, the theory design calculation and analysis of multiway valve are carried out, and its structure characteristic and working principle are expounded in detail. The main dimensions and parameters of the multi-way valve are determined by design calculation. The internal leakage of the multi-way valve and the movement analysis of the valve core of the reversing valve are calculated. In view of the stress analysis of the pressure compensation valve and the analysis of the efficiency of the load sensitive system, it is known that the parallel pressure reducing valve in front of the valve can make the movement speed of the actuator unaffected by the change of the load, and improve the working stability of the system. The multi-way valve core throttle is designed. The combination of U-shaped and UU-shaped throttle is adopted. The curve of flow area is calculated and analyzed and drawn by Matlab. The flow area changes with displacement, which is slow first and then quick. Multistage throttling control of flow can be realized. The system simulation model of multi-way valve of crawler crane is established by using AMESim software. The characteristics of internal leakage, pressure loss, flow regulation and load sensitivity are simulated and analyzed. The parameters affecting the working stability of the multiway valve, the spring pretightening force of the pressure compensation valve and the diameter of the damping port of the feedback oil path are simulated and optimized. The pressure flow fluctuation of the system can be reduced by reducing the spring pretightening force and the feedback damping port diameter of the pressure compensation valve, thus improving the working stability of the multiway valve. In order to verify the feasibility of the design scheme and to verify and compare the simulation results, the related performance tests of the multi-way valve were carried out on the hydraulic comprehensive test rig. The pressure resistance, commutative performance, pressure loss and flow fretting characteristics of the multi-way valve are tested, and the technical indexes are tested to meet the design requirements. The installation test was carried out on ZCC550H crawler crane. The test results show that the multi-channel valve is stable in performance and good in control performance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH213.7

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