大吨位超塑成形设备气压控制系统的研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 13:48
【摘要】：超塑成形技术是指利用金属在特定加工条件下呈现出的低强度、大伸长率的特性对金属进行加工,以获得尺寸精密、形状复杂以及晶粒组织均匀且细小的薄壁制件,是先进制造技术的一种。随着我国航天事业的发展和国防科技的进步,大吨位超塑成形设备的研究显得越来越重要。超塑成形设备中的气压控制系统会影响零件成形的精度,尤其在大吨位超塑成形设备中,材料的形变会使气腔体积发生较大变化,导致系统难以实现对气腔内气压的准确控制。本文重点研究了大吨位超塑成形设备的气压控制方法,进而开发了一种具有可视化操作与远程控制功能的气压控制系统。分析了超塑成形设备气压控制系统的需求,利用机理法构建了气压控制系统中上、下气腔的数学模型,利用实验法修正了模型结构并确定了模型参数,推导出了气腔的时变模型。研究了传统PID控制、神经网络控制、模糊控制以及模糊PID控制的理论,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件分别搭建了针对固定体积的气腔模型与体积匀速膨胀10倍的气腔模型的控制系统。研究了不同控制方法下系统的阶跃响应与梯形波信号响应,仿真结果的对比表明,将模糊PID控制应用到本系统时,系统阶跃响应与梯形波信号响应的超调量更小,调整时间更短,符合控制要求。完成了气压控制系统的硬件及软件设计,硬件设计主要包括需求分析、总体设计、硬件选型与基于以太网通讯协议的系统搭建。软件设计主要包括基于组态王的主控界面的设计、基于FTP传输协议的文件备份的设计和基于MATLAB软件的气压控制方法的设计。其中,主控界面主要包括气压参数设置界面、实时状态显示界面、报警界面和历史数据报表界面等。基于OPC通信技术实现了气压控制系统中各环节的数据交换,将模糊PID控制方法应用到了实际的超塑成形设备中,并对该设备的气压控制系统进行了功能测试与精度测试。加压测试证明了基于模糊PID控制的气压控制系统具有较高的准确性和实时性,零件加工测试表明了应用本系统的超塑成形设备加工出的零件符合工艺要求。
[Abstract]:Superplastic forming technology is to use the characteristics of low strength and large elongation of metal under certain processing conditions to process metal to obtain thin wall parts with precise size, complex shape and uniform and fine grain structure. Is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology. With the development of China's aerospace industry and the progress of national defense science and technology, the research of large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment is becoming more and more important. The air pressure control system in the superplastic forming equipment will affect the forming accuracy of the parts. Especially in the large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment, the deformation of the material will make the volume of the gas chamber change greatly, which makes it difficult for the system to realize the accurate control of the air pressure in the gas chamber. In this paper, the air pressure control method of large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment is studied, and a kind of air pressure control system with visual operation and remote control function is developed. The requirement of air pressure control system of superplastic forming equipment is analyzed. The mathematical model of upper and lower air chamber in the air pressure control system is constructed by using mechanism method. The model structure is modified by the experimental method and the model parameters are determined. The time-varying model of the gas chamber is derived. The theories of traditional PID control, neural network control, fuzzy control and fuzzy PID control are studied. The control systems for the fixed volume gas cavity model and the uniform volume expansion 10 times gas cavity model are built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The step response and trapezoidal signal response of the system under different control methods are studied. The simulation results show that the overshoot between the step response and the trapezoid signal response of the system is smaller when the fuzzy PID control is applied to the system. The adjustment time is shorter and meets the control requirements. The hardware and software design of the pneumatic control system is completed. The hardware design mainly includes the requirement analysis, the overall design, the hardware selection and the system construction based on Ethernet communication protocol. The software design mainly includes the design of the main control interface based on Kingview, the file backup based on FTP transfer protocol and the air pressure control method based on MATLAB software. Among them, the main control interface mainly includes air pressure parameter setting interface, real-time state display interface, alarm interface and history data report interface. Based on the OPC communication technology, the data exchange in each link of the pneumatic control system is realized. The fuzzy PID control method is applied to the actual superplastic forming equipment, and the function and precision of the pneumatic control system of the equipment are tested. The pressure test proves that the air pressure control system based on fuzzy PID control has high accuracy and real-time performance. The part processing test shows that the parts processed by the superplastic forming equipment of this system meet the requirements of technology.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG305;TH138
本文编号：2159633
[Abstract]:Superplastic forming technology is to use the characteristics of low strength and large elongation of metal under certain processing conditions to process metal to obtain thin wall parts with precise size, complex shape and uniform and fine grain structure. Is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology. With the development of China's aerospace industry and the progress of national defense science and technology, the research of large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment is becoming more and more important. The air pressure control system in the superplastic forming equipment will affect the forming accuracy of the parts. Especially in the large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment, the deformation of the material will make the volume of the gas chamber change greatly, which makes it difficult for the system to realize the accurate control of the air pressure in the gas chamber. In this paper, the air pressure control method of large-tonnage superplastic forming equipment is studied, and a kind of air pressure control system with visual operation and remote control function is developed. The requirement of air pressure control system of superplastic forming equipment is analyzed. The mathematical model of upper and lower air chamber in the air pressure control system is constructed by using mechanism method. The model structure is modified by the experimental method and the model parameters are determined. The time-varying model of the gas chamber is derived. The theories of traditional PID control, neural network control, fuzzy control and fuzzy PID control are studied. The control systems for the fixed volume gas cavity model and the uniform volume expansion 10 times gas cavity model are built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The step response and trapezoidal signal response of the system under different control methods are studied. The simulation results show that the overshoot between the step response and the trapezoid signal response of the system is smaller when the fuzzy PID control is applied to the system. The adjustment time is shorter and meets the control requirements. The hardware and software design of the pneumatic control system is completed. The hardware design mainly includes the requirement analysis, the overall design, the hardware selection and the system construction based on Ethernet communication protocol. The software design mainly includes the design of the main control interface based on Kingview, the file backup based on FTP transfer protocol and the air pressure control method based on MATLAB software. Among them, the main control interface mainly includes air pressure parameter setting interface, real-time state display interface, alarm interface and history data report interface. Based on the OPC communication technology, the data exchange in each link of the pneumatic control system is realized. The fuzzy PID control method is applied to the actual superplastic forming equipment, and the function and precision of the pneumatic control system of the equipment are tested. The pressure test proves that the air pressure control system based on fuzzy PID control has high accuracy and real-time performance. The part processing test shows that the parts processed by the superplastic forming equipment of this system meet the requirements of technology.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG305;TH138
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