旋转系统断轴故障在线预测及诊断方法的研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 10:39

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和科技的进步,自动化的旋转系统应用越来越多,然而其故障降低了自动化设备的应用效率,尤其是旋转轴的断轴故障会进一步扩大设备的故障程度。旋转机械系统是一种最常用的传动系统,广泛应用于各个领域,如化工、电力、石油、航空航天等。旋转机械转轴故障会带来巨大的经济损失,甚至出现人员伤亡。因此,加强对旋转机械系统的运行状态的监控,尤其是对转轴断裂的预测,对于生产安全、人身安全、减小经济损失、提高国民经济都有着至关重要的意义。尽管现在有着许许多多的检测转轴故障的方法,如离线的和在线的。但是这些方法都有着自身的缺陷,给判断转轴的运行状态带来巨大的困难。对于我国来说,在旋转机械断轴预测这一方面的研究技术并不成熟,虽然断轴研究的论文有很多,但一般局限于对断轴原因的量理论分析,而实际的能够应用于现场断轴测试的研究却非常少,因此至今缺乏一套实用的、应对转轴断裂的、简单有效的在线预测系统。本文针对现有在线断轴检测方法的不足,基于机械转轴是一弹性体,在转矩传递过程中产生的应变与扭转刚度有一定关系,提出了一种新的旋转机械的转轴断轴故障的在线预测方法,并完成了整个系统的初步研究和测试。本文首先介绍了旋转机械的故障情况及断轴故障的危害,分析比较了现有的断轴故障检测的方法及不足,综合断轴故障预测的需求和发展概况;其次从轴应力机械角度分析了转轴运行状态中的刚度和动力学的变化情况,阐述了新型在线预测方法的可行性;然后分析了新型断轴在线预测系统的原理,并对整个预测系统结构进行了设计;接着对于整个在线系统进行研制;最后对用该检测系统对实际系统的断轴故障进行了实时检测,证明了本文提出的方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, more and more automatic rotating systems are applied. However, its failure reduces the application efficiency of automation equipment, especially the failure of rotating shaft will further expand the fault degree of the equipment. Rotating machinery system is the most commonly used transmission system, widely used in various fields, such as chemical industry, electricity, petroleum, aerospace and so on. Rotating machinery shaft failure will bring huge economic losses, even human casualties. Therefore, it is very important for production safety, personal safety, reducing economic loss and improving the national economy to strengthen the monitoring of the running state of rotating machinery system, especially the prediction of shaft fracture. Although there are many ways to detect shaft failures, such as offline and online. However, these methods have their own defects, which makes it difficult to judge the running state of the shaft. For our country, the research technology of shaft breaking prediction in rotating machinery is not mature. Although there are many papers on shaft breaking, it is generally limited to the quantitative theoretical analysis of shaft breaking. However, there are very few researches that can be applied to the field test of broken shaft. So far, there is a lack of a practical, simple and effective on-line prediction system to deal with the fracture of rotating shaft. This paper aims at the deficiency of the existing on-line testing methods of broken shaft, based on the fact that the mechanical shaft is an elastic body, and the strain produced in the process of torque transfer is related to the torsional stiffness. In this paper, a new on-line prediction method for shaft failure of rotating machinery is presented, and the preliminary research and test of the whole system are completed. This paper first introduces the fault situation of rotating machinery and the harm of broken shaft fault, analyzes and compares the existing methods and shortcomings of shaft broken fault detection, and synthesizes the demand and development of broken shaft fault prediction. Secondly, the changes of stiffness and dynamics in the running state of the shaft are analyzed from the angle of axial stress mechanism, and the feasibility of the new on-line prediction method is expounded, and the principle of the new on-line prediction system for broken shaft is analyzed. The structure of the whole prediction system is designed, and then the whole on-line system is developed. Finally, the real time detection of the broken shaft fault of the actual system is carried out, which proves the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH17

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