蜜蜂饮水减阻机制及仿生微流量泵概念设计

发布时间：2018-08-29 10:24

【摘要】：微流体输运器件广泛应用于医疗供药系统、化学分析系统及DNA合成系统等。作为微流体输运器件的核心执行部件,微流量泵的研制一直是微机电领域研究的核心问题,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。目前生物体液检测需在低流速条件下转运高浓度/粘度流体;然而,由于设计与加工技术水平的制约,针对于此类用途的微流量泵的研制尚未有重大进展。前期研究表明,某些膜翅目昆虫具备高度进化的食蜜口器结构。这些结构可以通过口器微结构的周期性伸缩变形完成功能转化,以实现高浓/粘度花蜜的输运。本文选取蜜蜂的口器作为仿生对象,借助微观成像与高速摄像技术,观察蜜蜂口器的微观结构和宏观运动规律,给出流体输运模型并分析蜜蜂饮水的减阻机制。结合理论分析,提出新型微流量泵的概念设计方法。这项研究将丰富和完善蜜蜂饮水机理,对微流体输运器件的发展具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值。主要研究内容包括:(1)借助微观成像技术,如光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子计算机断层扫描技术等生物实验方法观测蜜蜂口器微结构的形态。利用高速摄像技术捕捉蜜蜂饮水动态过程,分析蜜蜂口器各部分的运动轨迹及幅度。发现蜜蜂工蜂口器外颚叶的内侧有均匀分布的横纹式凸起,尺寸为微米级。基于这种均匀分布的内脊,建立模型并分析蜜蜂输运花蜜的特性;证明在内脊的高度一定时,其横向分布系数(内脊的间距与宽度之比)是减小蜜蜂输运花蜜阻力的关键因素。蜜蜂外颚叶内脊高度为4μm,当其横向分布系数为40时,摩擦系数减小到0.011,远低于无内脊模型的摩擦系数0.077。(2)横向比较蜜蜂工蜂和雄蜂口器尺寸和饮水特性;发现雄蜂外颚叶内侧也有与工蜂相似的内脊结构,但尺寸(内脊高度、宽度、间距)小于工蜂;且雄蜂输运花蜜的摩擦系数约为工蜂的4倍,即工蜂的饮水减阻特性明显优于雄蜂。完善了蜜蜂饮水模型,引入径向微动度喘振,证明振幅为2μm的周期性径向喘振对蜜蜂摄蜜减阻特性并无显著影响。(3)给出了微流量泵概念设计的一般流程,针对在低速工况下输运高浓/粘度流体的特殊要求,选择膜翅目昆虫的口器为仿生对象。考虑流体宏观压力损失和微观运动特性,提出仿嚼吸式口器微流量泵的概念设计。并借由蜜蜂饮水减阻特性启发,提出新型微流量泵管道设计方法,减小流体在微流量泵中输送的阻力,提高微流量泵的使用寿命。
[Abstract]:Micro-fluid transport devices are widely used in medical drug delivery systems, chemical analysis systems and DNA synthesis systems. As the core executive part of micro fluid transport devices, the development of micro flow pump has been the core problem in the field of micro electromechanical research, and has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. At present, the detection of biological fluid needs to transport high concentration / viscosity fluid at low flow rate. However, due to the restriction of design and processing technology, the development of micro-flow pump for this kind of use has not made great progress. Previous studies have shown that some Hymenoptera insects have highly evolved honey-eating mouthparts. These structures can be transformed by the periodic stretching and deformation of the microstructures of the mouthpiece to realize the transport of high concentration / viscosity nectar. In this paper, the honeybee mouthpiece is chosen as the bionic object. By means of microscopic imaging and high speed camera technology, the microstructure and macroscopic motion of bee mouthpiece are observed, the fluid transport model is given and the drag reduction mechanism of bee drinking water is analyzed. Based on the theoretical analysis, a new concept design method of micro-flow pump is proposed. This study will enrich and perfect the water drinking mechanism of honeybee, and have important theoretical significance and practical engineering value for the development of micro-fluid transport devices. The main contents are as follows: (1) the morphology of honeybee mouthpiece was observed by means of microscopic imaging techniques such as optical microscope scanning electron microscope and computer tomography. The dynamic process of honeybee drinking water was captured by high speed camera, and the trajectory and amplitude of each part of bee mouthpiece were analyzed. It was found that the inner part of the outer mandible of the worker bee mouthpiece had a uniformly distributed transverse protuberance with a size of micrometer. Based on the uniform distribution of the inner ridge, the model was established and the characteristics of honeybee transporting nectar were analyzed, and it was proved that when the height of the inner ridge was fixed, the transverse distribution coefficient (the ratio of the distance of the inner ridge to the width of the inner ridge) was the key factor to reduce the resistance of honeybee to transport nectar. When the lateral distribution coefficient was 40, the friction coefficient decreased to 0.011, which was much lower than that of the model without internal ridge. (2) the size of mouthpiece and drinking characteristics of worker bee and male bee were compared horizontally. It was found that the inner ridge structure was similar to that of the worker bee, but the dimension (height, width and spacing of the inner ridge) was smaller than that of the worker bee, and the coefficient of friction of the honey transported by the male wasp was about 4 times of that of the worker bee. That is to say, the drag-reducing characteristic of worker bee is obviously better than that of male bee. The model of honeybee drinking water is improved, and the radial fretting degree surge is introduced. It is proved that the periodic radial surge with amplitude of 2 渭 m has no significant effect on the drag reduction characteristics of honeybee honey uptake. (3) the general flow chart of conceptual design of micro-flow pump is given. According to the special requirement of transporting high concentration / viscosity fluid at low speed, the mouthparts of Hymenoptera insects are selected as bionic objects. Considering the macroscopic pressure loss and microscopic motion characteristics of the fluid, the conceptual design of the micro-flow pump in a chewing and sucking mouthpiece is put forward. Inspired by the drag reduction characteristics of honeybee drinking water, a new design method of micro-flow pump pipe is put forward to reduce the resistance of fluid conveying in micro-flow pump and to improve the service life of micro-flow pump.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB17;TH38

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