旋转式水压伺服阀的设计及研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 18:37

【摘要】：水液压传动技术凭借自身绿色环保、安全性好、效率高等特点,具有油压无法比拟的竞争力。随着科学技术的不断进步,水液压传动技术日益受到人们的重视,并已经在工程机械、水下作业、食品医药等相关领域得到了推广与应用。然而,要实现水液压传动技术的推广,就必须首先研制出高性能的水液压元件。目前已经研制出的水液压元件越来越多,水液压传动技术的应用领域越来越广。人们对于水液压传动系统的精度要求也日渐提高。建立起水压伺服控制系统是水压技术研发的重要组成部分,也是水液压传动技术以及控制技术领域的学科前沿。伺服阀作为电液伺服系统控制的核心,为了发展水液压传动技术,对水液压伺服阀研发和改进十分必要。本文设计并改进了一种水液压传动伺服阀,而且以旋转式阀芯运动形式代替直动式阀芯运动形式,并运用Matlab/Simulink模块进行仿真研究。主要工作如下：(1)根据已有的伺服阀工作原理及其结构进行再设计。采用旋转式直流电机与阀芯直接相连,阀芯节流孔的开启量与阀芯的旋转角度成比例。初步设计出旋转式水压伺服阀的工作原理及其结构。通过对阀口形式进行讨论并计算其刚度及气穴指数,判定抗气蚀性能。最终确定阀口的形式为二级节流阀口。(2)根据阀口计算结果,改进伺服阀节流阀口的设计方案,使用Pro-E三维建模,进行进一步结构设计与改进。采用二级节流阀口。并将阀套设计由两部分改进为一部分。经过计算重新设计阀口分布,并重新设计了各个主要零件的结构尺寸。最终得到修改后的旋转式伺服阀工作原理及其结构设计。根据并实际需要进行材料和标准件的选择,进一步选择合适的直流力矩电机、编码盘。(3)对改进后的伺服阀进行数学建模。根据所得到的直流力矩电机电枢回路的电压平衡方程、转矩平衡方程以及力矩电机力矩输出方程等,计算出传递函数。利用Pro-E软件进行阀芯等结构质量分析,计算出传递函数中各项参数。利用Matlab/Simulink模块进行伺服阀的动态性能评定仿真,对频率响应进行仿真。得到所设计伺服阀的幅值裕度、相位裕度等信息,用以判断系统的特性。对本文研制的旋转式水压伺服阀的频率响应的仿真,最终得出伺服阀的动态特性参数。经过参数对比后,结果基本达到了伺服阀设计要求,可以为今后样机试验等后续工作提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Water hydraulic transmission technology with its own green environmental protection, good security, high efficiency and other characteristics, oil pressure unparalleled competitiveness. With the development of science and technology, water hydraulic transmission technology has been paid more and more attention, and has been popularized and applied in engineering machinery, underwater operation, food and medicine and other related fields. However, in order to popularize water hydraulic transmission technology, it is necessary to develop high performance hydraulic components. At present, more and more water hydraulic components have been developed, and the application fields of water hydraulic transmission technology are more and more extensive. The accuracy of water hydraulic transmission system is also increasing. The establishment of hydraulic servo control system is an important part of the research and development of hydraulic technology, and it is also the frontier of the field of water hydraulic transmission technology and control technology. Servo valve is the core of electro-hydraulic servo system control. In order to develop water hydraulic transmission technology, it is necessary to develop and improve water hydraulic servo valve. In this paper, a hydraulic servo valve is designed and improved, and the rotary spool motion is used to replace the straight-acting valve core, and the simulation is carried out by using Matlab/Simulink module. The main work is as follows: (1) redesign the servo valve according to its working principle and structure. The rotary DC motor is directly connected to the spool, and the opening of the orifice is proportional to the rotary angle of the spool. The working principle and structure of rotary hydraulic servo valve are preliminarily designed. The cavitation resistance is determined by discussing the form of valve and calculating its stiffness and cavitation index. (2) according to the results of valve mouth calculation, the design scheme of servo valve throttle port is improved, and the three-dimensional model of servo valve is used to design and improve the structure of servo-valve throttle valve. (2) according to the result of valve mouth calculation, the design scheme of servo valve throttle port is improved. Adopt two-stage throttle orifice. The design of valve sleeve is improved from two parts to one part. The distribution of the valve opening was calculated and the structural dimensions of the main parts were redesigned. Finally, the working principle and structure design of the modified rotary servo valve are obtained. According to the actual need to select the material and standard parts, further select the appropriate DC torque motor, coding disk. (3) the improved servo valve mathematical modeling. According to the voltage balance equation, torque balance equation and torque output equation of DC torque armature circuit, the transfer function is calculated. The structure quality of valve core is analyzed by Pro-E software, and the parameters of transfer function are calculated. The dynamic performance evaluation of servo valve is simulated by Matlab/Simulink module, and the frequency response is simulated. The amplitude margin and phase margin of the designed servo valve are obtained to judge the characteristics of the system. The simulation of the frequency response of the rotary hydraulic servo valve developed in this paper is carried out, and the dynamic characteristic parameters of the servo valve are obtained. After comparison of parameters, the results basically meet the requirements of servo valve design, which can provide theoretical basis for the follow-up work such as prototype test in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH137.52

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