基于参数的轴承故障声发射特征提取研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 20:52

【摘要】：轴承是旋转机械设备中一种重要的零部件。它的主要功能是支撑机械转体,降低其运动过程中的摩擦系数,并保证其精度。轴承若出现故障,将会影响设备的稳定运转。因此,轴承的状态监测和故障特征提取,是当前研究的热点问题。本文以轴承为研究对象,以声发射为检测技术手段,对轴承正常运转、外圈故障、滚动体故障、内圈故障四种模式进行特征提取和参数分析研究。本文对国内外轴承声发射故障诊断的发展历史和现状进行了阐述,并且对声发射波在介质中的传播形式和波动方程进行分析;分析了轴承失效的基本原理和常见轴承的故障形式;搭建了基于声发射的轴承故障特征提取试验系统,该系统硬件由旋转机械轴承故障模拟平台和声发射采集系统构成,软件由数据采集和信号处理等模块构成;通过声发射参数分析对轴承故障进行特征提取。运用能量、计数、幅值等单参数的统计分析法,将正常轴承与故障轴承进行对比,可以对轴承是否出现故障进行判断;运用能量、计数对时间的经历图分析法,可以将外圈故障进行提取;运用撞击对幅值、撞击对计数的分布图分析法,可以判断滚动体和内圈轴承是否出现故障;并且通过在不同转速下撞击对能量的分布图分析,发现随着转速的提高能量在不断上升的规律;在两两参数的关联图分析中,用持续时间对幅值的关联分析的方法可以将内圈故障与其他故障进行区分。运用以上声发射参数分析方法,实现了轴承故障的综合分析和特征提取。
[Abstract]:Bearing is an important part in rotating machinery. Its main function is to support the mechanical rotation, reduce the friction coefficient in the process of its motion, and ensure its accuracy. Bearing failure will affect the stable operation of the equipment. Therefore, the status monitoring and fault feature extraction of bearings is a hot issue. This paper takes the bearing as the research object and uses the acoustic emission as the detection technology to carry on the characteristic extraction and the parameter analysis to the bearing normal operation, the outer ring fault, the rolling body fault and the inner ring fault. In this paper, the development history and present situation of AE fault diagnosis of bearings at home and abroad are described, and the propagation form and wave equation of AE wave in medium are analyzed. The basic principle of bearing failure and the common bearing fault forms are analyzed, and a bearing fault feature extraction test system based on acoustic emission is built. The hardware of the system consists of a rotating machinery bearing fault simulation platform and an acoustic emission acquisition system. The software is composed of data acquisition and signal processing, and the feature extraction of bearing fault is carried out by acoustic emission parameter analysis. By using the statistical analysis method of single parameter such as energy, counting, amplitude and so on, comparing the normal bearing with the fault bearing, we can judge whether the bearing is in trouble or not, and use the energy, counting the experience chart analysis method to analyze the time, The fault of outer ring can be extracted; the distribution chart analysis method of impact amplitude and impact pair counting can be used to determine whether the rolling body and inner ring bearing are faulty or not; and the distribution map of energy can be analyzed by impact at different rotational speeds. It is found that the energy is rising with the increase of rotational speed, and in the correlation graph analysis of pairwise parameters, the inner ring fault can be distinguished from other faults by using the method of correlation analysis of duration to amplitude. By using the above methods of acoustic emission parameter analysis, the comprehensive analysis and feature extraction of bearing faults are realized.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH133.3

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