基于超弹性效应的准零刚度隔振器的设计与实验研究
发布时间：2018-10-08 12:16
【摘要】：振动是自然界常见的现象,是事物在接受外界刺激时不可避免的现象。振动对于一些设备仪器,尤其是对一些重要设备和精密仪器都会造成严重的损害。振动的抑制一直以来都是一个热门的话题,对于普通的振动隔离许多研究人员都提出了很多解决办法。然而对于低频隔振这一难题却由于其本身的理论难点而变得尤其棘手,而低频振动对于一些军事上的设备如发动机等更是一个亟待解决的问题。本文对现今国内外抑制低频振动的方法做了大量阅读和总结,提出了一种基于准零刚度原理和液压惯容器相结合的方法来解决低频隔振的问题。其中准零刚度原理运用了液压蓄能器和新型智能材料形状记忆合金弹簧。设计了实验台架,对原理进行了实验论证,验证了整体系统对于解决低频隔振问题的可行性。本文分为六章,主要内容如下:第一章:介绍了本课题研究的背景和意义,综述了低频隔振的国内外研究现状,分析了传统的隔振原理及其在低频振动领域无法适用的原因,最后引出了本课题。第二章:简单介绍了智能材料形状记忆合金及其形状记忆效应和超弹性效应,并总结了形状记忆合金工程应用中几种常用的本构模型。最后简单介绍了一下形状记忆合金材料在振动领域的应用。第三章:详细介绍了基于形状记忆合金超弹性效应的准零刚度原理,并阐述了惯容器的概念,从而引出了本文设计的低频隔振系统。分析了本系统的工作原理,理论验证了其隔振能力,为下文的实验部分提供了理论基础。第四章:基于改进的Ginzburg-Landau相变理论模型,引出了形状记忆合金弹簧的微分方程模型。结合Preisach模型的机理,提出了 一种全新的多晶动态模型,实现了对形状记忆合金弹簧多种迟滞非线性力学行为的准确描述。最后,本章完整给出了单晶模型和多晶模型的参数辨识策略,即基于最小误差的非线性优化算法。第五章:对本文形状记忆合金丝以及提出的低频隔振系统进行实验研究,介绍了实验原理和实验装置。根据实验方案,通过数据采集程序对相应的实验数据进行采集,对数据进行分析,验证本实验系统对于低频隔振的有效性。第六章:总结了本课题的工作,对本课题的不足之处进行了说明,并对低频隔振装置的发展提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Vibration is a common phenomenon in nature and an inevitable phenomenon when things are stimulated by the outside world. Vibration can cause serious damage to some equipment, especially to some important equipment and precision instruments. Vibration suppression has always been a hot topic, and many researchers have put forward many solutions for ordinary vibration isolation. However, the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation is very difficult because of its theoretical difficulties, and low-frequency vibration is an urgent problem for some military equipments such as engines. In this paper, the methods of suppressing low-frequency vibration at home and abroad are reviewed and summarized, and a method based on the principle of quasi-zero stiffness and hydraulic inertial container is proposed to solve the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation. The principle of quasi-zero stiffness uses hydraulic accumulator and new smart material shape memory alloy spring. The experimental bench is designed and the principle is demonstrated experimentally. The feasibility of the whole system for solving the problem of low frequency vibration isolation is verified. This paper is divided into six chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and significance of this research, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of low-frequency vibration isolation, analyzes the traditional principle of vibration isolation and the reasons why it can not be applied in the field of low-frequency vibration. Finally, the subject is introduced. Chapter 2: the shape memory alloy of intelligent material and its shape memory effect and hyperelastic effect are briefly introduced, and several constitutive models commonly used in the engineering application of shape memory alloy are summarized. Finally, the application of shape memory alloy in vibration field is briefly introduced. In chapter 3, the principle of quasi-zero stiffness based on shape memory alloy hyperelastic effect is introduced in detail, and the concept of inertial vessel is expounded, which leads to the design of low-frequency vibration isolation system in this paper. The working principle of the system is analyzed, and its vibration isolation ability is verified theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the experiment below. Chapter 4: based on the improved Ginzburg-Landau phase transformation theory model, the differential equation model of shape memory alloy spring is derived. Based on the mechanism of Preisach model, a new polycrystalline dynamic model is proposed, which can accurately describe the hysteresis nonlinear mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy spring. Finally, the parameter identification strategies of single crystal model and polycrystalline model are presented in this chapter, that is, the nonlinear optimization algorithm based on minimum error. Chapter 5: the experimental research on shape memory alloy wire and the low frequency vibration isolation system is carried out. The experimental principle and experimental device are introduced. According to the experimental scheme, the corresponding experimental data are collected through the data acquisition program, and the data are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the experimental system for low-frequency vibration isolation. Chapter 6: summarize the work of this subject, explain the deficiency of this subject, and put forward the prospect of the development of low frequency vibration isolator.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG139.6;TH122
本文编号：2256717
[Abstract]:Vibration is a common phenomenon in nature and an inevitable phenomenon when things are stimulated by the outside world. Vibration can cause serious damage to some equipment, especially to some important equipment and precision instruments. Vibration suppression has always been a hot topic, and many researchers have put forward many solutions for ordinary vibration isolation. However, the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation is very difficult because of its theoretical difficulties, and low-frequency vibration is an urgent problem for some military equipments such as engines. In this paper, the methods of suppressing low-frequency vibration at home and abroad are reviewed and summarized, and a method based on the principle of quasi-zero stiffness and hydraulic inertial container is proposed to solve the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation. The principle of quasi-zero stiffness uses hydraulic accumulator and new smart material shape memory alloy spring. The experimental bench is designed and the principle is demonstrated experimentally. The feasibility of the whole system for solving the problem of low frequency vibration isolation is verified. This paper is divided into six chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and significance of this research, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of low-frequency vibration isolation, analyzes the traditional principle of vibration isolation and the reasons why it can not be applied in the field of low-frequency vibration. Finally, the subject is introduced. Chapter 2: the shape memory alloy of intelligent material and its shape memory effect and hyperelastic effect are briefly introduced, and several constitutive models commonly used in the engineering application of shape memory alloy are summarized. Finally, the application of shape memory alloy in vibration field is briefly introduced. In chapter 3, the principle of quasi-zero stiffness based on shape memory alloy hyperelastic effect is introduced in detail, and the concept of inertial vessel is expounded, which leads to the design of low-frequency vibration isolation system in this paper. The working principle of the system is analyzed, and its vibration isolation ability is verified theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the experiment below. Chapter 4: based on the improved Ginzburg-Landau phase transformation theory model, the differential equation model of shape memory alloy spring is derived. Based on the mechanism of Preisach model, a new polycrystalline dynamic model is proposed, which can accurately describe the hysteresis nonlinear mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy spring. Finally, the parameter identification strategies of single crystal model and polycrystalline model are presented in this chapter, that is, the nonlinear optimization algorithm based on minimum error. Chapter 5: the experimental research on shape memory alloy wire and the low frequency vibration isolation system is carried out. The experimental principle and experimental device are introduced. According to the experimental scheme, the corresponding experimental data are collected through the data acquisition program, and the data are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the experimental system for low-frequency vibration isolation. Chapter 6: summarize the work of this subject, explain the deficiency of this subject, and put forward the prospect of the development of low frequency vibration isolator.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG139.6;TH122
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