催化装置富气压缩机控制系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-14 08:19

【摘要】：离心式压缩机是一种高速旋转的机械,可以满足工业上对气体压缩的各种需求,应用范围很广,作为一种工业装备,它广泛应用于石油、化工、天然气管线,制冷和冶炼等诸多重要部门,其安全可靠地运行直接影响着工厂的经济效益,因而成为倍受关注的核心设备。随着科学技术的发展,压缩机无论在性能还是在运行的安全可靠性上都得到了很大的提高,但离心式压缩机也存在一些难以消除的缺点,如稳定工况区较窄、容易发生喘振等。另外,离心式压缩机的稳定运行也受到其他一些条件的影响,如负载、气体性质、温度等,可以说离心式缩机的控制是一个比较复杂的领域,因此设计一套可靠的控制系统对压缩机的稳定运行起着决定性的作用。离心式压缩机的喘振对机组的危害极大,必须配备专门的控制系统来防止喘振的发生,本文重点对离心式压缩机防喘振控制进行研究,在保证其安全平稳运行的同时,实现优化控制,采取了压缩机不超出安全裕度,靠近防喘振控制线运行的先进控制策略,减小防喘振阀开度,降低压缩机转速,实现了离心式压缩机高效节能运行。本文结合生产实际,在分析了压缩机工作原理的基础上,对压缩机控制系统架构,联锁逻辑,转速控制,防喘振控制,先进控制等方面进行了比较系统的阐述,并以某厂催化装置富气压缩机控制系统改造为背景,对控制系统人机界面,压缩机性能曲线,防喘振控制,联锁控制等系统进行了设计,实现了友好的操作界面,完备的监控功能,大幅地提升了压缩机控制系统运行年限,取得了较好的经济效益。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor is a kind of high speed rotating machine, which can meet various demands of gas compression in industry. As a kind of industrial equipment, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical and natural gas pipelines. In many important departments such as refrigeration and smelting, its safe and reliable operation directly affects the economic benefits of the plant, so it has become the core equipment that has attracted much attention. With the development of science and technology, the compressor has been greatly improved in performance and safety and reliability in operation. However, centrifugal compressor also has some shortcomings, such as narrow stable working conditions, easy to surge and so on. In addition, the stable operation of centrifugal compressors is also affected by other conditions, such as load, gas properties, temperature, etc. It can be said that the control of centrifugal compressors is a more complicated field. Therefore, the design of a reliable control system plays a decisive role in the stable operation of the compressor. The surge of centrifugal compressor is very harmful to the unit. It must be equipped with a special control system to prevent surge. In this paper, the anti-surge control of centrifugal compressor is studied in order to ensure its safe and stable operation at the same time. In order to realize the optimal control, the advanced control strategy of compressor not exceeding the safety margin and running close to the anti-surge control line is adopted, the opening degree of anti-surge valve is reduced, the speed of compressor is reduced, and the centrifugal compressor is operated efficiently and energy saving. On the basis of analyzing the working principle of compressor, this paper systematically expounds the structure of compressor control system, interlocking logic, speed control, anti-surge control, advanced control and so on. Based on the retrofit of the control system of the rich gas compressor in a certain plant, the man-machine interface, compressor performance curve, anti-surge control and interlock control are designed, and the friendly operation interface is realized. The complete monitoring function has greatly improved the running life of the compressor control system and achieved better economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：西安石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH452

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