滚道形状误差对圆柱滚子轴承力学性能影响的基础研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 20:16

【摘要】：滚动轴承是机械行业基础和骨干产业,常常制约着一个国家的相关机械行业的发展水平。但无论加工制造技术如何先进,轴承在运转时滚道与滚动体之间的弹性接触以及轴承元件的几何误差会引起轴承振动与噪声。本文旨在分析元件几何误差对轴承性能的影响,研究结果对轴承的设计与制造具有重要意义。本文以圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象,利用有限元建立轴与轴承过盈装配模型,分析轴与轴承内圈内径的过盈量、误差值、圆度误差以及误差组合对轴承性能的影响。结果表明,在误差偏角不同时,误差幅值所在的位置角产生偏移;轴的形状误差的不同会影响内圈滚道变形量的幅值,轴相对内圈的旋转角度会影响误差幅值所在的位置;在内圈误差值为2.5μm时,内圈滚道变形量趋近于一条直线;在过盈量较小时,滚动体与内圈滚道不足以接触,不产生变形。因此当误差满足一定的关系时,轴承的性能不受影响。利用傅里叶级数形式对滚道进行轮廓简化,用离散数描述各个滚动体的几何尺寸误差,根据元件间的接触情况,将每个滚动体都等效为两根弹簧,考虑支撑结构变形,建立载荷分布力学模型,采用Newton-Raphson方法迭代求解非线性方程组,分析滚道圆度误差和滚动体尺寸误差对圆柱滚子轴承载荷分布的影响。结果表明,当单一滚动体存在误差时,远离承载区域时载荷分布对轴承性能的影响很小,0号滚动体处对载荷的影响最大;多个滚动体存在误差时,位置不同时不会改变承载滚动体数目,滚动体排列顺序的不同和滚道的几何形状误差则会改变承载滚动体数目;在0号滚动体位置处滚道误差幅值对接触载荷与接触变形的影响较小;研究结果表明,滚道圆度误差及滚动体尺寸误差满足一定关系时,可以优化载荷分布。本文的研究成果对于提高轴承的设计、制造、使用和维护具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is the foundation and backbone industry of machinery industry, which often restricts the development level of a country's related machinery industry. However, no matter how advanced the machining and manufacturing technology is, the elastic contact between the raceway and the rolling body and the geometric error of the bearing element will cause the bearing vibration and noise. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of geometric error of components on bearing performance, and the results are of great significance to the design and manufacture of bearings. In this paper, the cylindrical roller bearing is taken as the research object, the interference assembly model of shaft and bearing is established by using finite element method, and the influence of interference, error, roundness error and error combination of shaft and bearing inner ring on bearing performance is analyzed. The results show that, at the same time of error deviation angle, the position angle of the error amplitude is offset, the different shape error of the axis will affect the amplitude of the inner ring raceway deformation, and the rotation angle of the shaft relative to the inner ring will influence the position of the error amplitude. When the inner ring error is 2.5 渭 m, the deformation of the inner ring raceway approaches to a straight line, and when the interference is small, the rolling body and the inner ring raceway are not enough to contact and do not produce deformation. Therefore, when the error satisfies a certain relationship, the bearing performance will not be affected. The contour of the raceway is simplified by Fourier series, and the geometric dimension error of each rolling body is described by discrete number. According to the contact between the elements, each rolling body is equivalent to two springs, and the deformation of the supporting structure is considered. The mechanical model of load distribution is established and the nonlinear equations are solved iteratively by Newton-Raphson method. The effects of raceway roundness error and rolling body size error on the load distribution of cylindrical roller bearing are analyzed. The results show that the load distribution has little effect on the bearing performance when there is an error in the single rolling body, and the influence on the bearing performance is the greatest at the No. 0 rolling body, and when there are errors in several rolling bodies, the bearing performance is affected by the load distribution. Different position will not change the number of bearing rolling bodies at the same time, the number of bearing rolling bodies will be changed by the different order of rolling body arrangement and the geometric error of raceway. The raceway error amplitude at the position of No. 0 rolling body has little effect on contact load and contact deformation. The results show that the load distribution can be optimized when the raceway roundness error and the rolling body size error satisfy a certain relationship. The research results of this paper have important theoretical significance and engineering application value for improving the design, manufacture, use and maintenance of bearings.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH133.33

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