塔式起重机预应力起重臂的研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 09:57

【摘要】：随着大跨度钢结构和高层建筑物的发展,塔机正向着大型化、专用化和轻量化的趋势发展,对其工作幅度的要求也越来越大。寻找一种有效增加塔机工作幅度且兼顾整机重量的设计方法具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。本课题来源于山东建筑大学工程机械所与山东富友有限公司联合开发项目,针对塔式起重机起重臂的研究现状与大型预应力钢结构的发展状况,结合厂家提出的一种改变平头塔机起重臂预应力的方法及装置,对预应力起重臂塔机进行了结构设计与计算。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS在塔机结构初步设计的基础上对本文预应力起重臂塔机进行了参数化建模,并在建模的过程中对上下支座进行等效简化处理。根据建立的参数化模型对塔机的强度、刚度以及稳定性进行了分析,通过有限元结果分析结合实际生产经验对预应力拉杆系的参数进一步作出调整,使其满足设计要求,并通过相同工况下与同型号平头塔机的应变图与最大应力值对比,验证了预应力起重臂塔机的有效性和优越性。利用建立好的塔机模型,通过ANSYS优化模块对起重臂施加预应力拉杆的吊点位置进行优化,以吊点位置为设计变量,以塔机加载后起重臂受到的最大应力为目标函数,以保证塔机的强度为边界条件进行优化,得出了吊点的最优位置,给出此状态下预应力起重臂最优吊点位置范围。最后将模型中的吊点位置调整为优化后的位置,得出优化后的应变云图与最大应力值,验证了吊点位置对塔机结构的影响。
[Abstract]:With the development of large-span steel structures and high-rise buildings, tower cranes are developing towards the trend of large scale, specialization and lightweight. It is of great theoretical and practical value to find a design method that can effectively increase the working range of tower crane and give consideration to the weight of the whole tower crane. This subject comes from the joint development project of Shandong Construction and Construction Machinery Institute of Shandong Construction University and Shandong Fuyou Co., Ltd., aiming at the research status of tower crane boom and the development of large prestressed steel structure. Combined with a method and device proposed by the manufacturer to change the prestressing force of the hoisting arm of the flat-head tower crane, the structural design and calculation of the pre-stressed crane are carried out. Based on the preliminary design of tower crane structure, the parameterized modeling of the prestressed boom tower crane is carried out by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, and the equivalent simplification of upper and lower supports is carried out in the course of modeling. The strength, stiffness and stability of the tower crane are analyzed according to the parameterized model established. The parameters of the prestressed tension bar system are further adjusted by the finite element analysis combined with the practical production experience, so that the parameters can meet the design requirements. The validity and superiority of the prestressed boom tower crane are verified by comparing the strain diagram with the maximum stress value of the same type flat head tower crane under the same working condition. By using the established tower crane model, the lifting point position of the lifting arm is optimized by the ANSYS optimization module. The lifting point position is taken as the design variable and the maximum stress on the lifting arm after the tower crane is loaded is taken as the objective function. Based on the boundary condition of ensuring the strength of the tower crane, the optimal position of the lifting point is obtained, and the range of the optimal lifting point position of the prestressed lifting arm under this condition is given. Finally, the suspension position in the model is adjusted to the optimized position, the strain cloud diagram and the maximum stress value are obtained, and the influence of the lifting point position on the tower crane structure is verified.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH213.3

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