风机性能试验系统的设计研究

发布时间：2019-01-15 23:57

【摘要】：风机性能试验是风机设计、生产和检验中必不可少的环节。目前,许多风机生产厂家和研究单位仍采用手工方式进行测试,存在劳动强度大、工作效率低的缺点。为了实现试验过程的自动化,本文采用虚拟仪器技术对风机性能试验系统进行了设计开发。首先,依据标准GB/T1236-2000进行总体结构设计。试验系统由风机驱动系统、标准试验风筒以及测控系统组成,本文采用C型管道进气装置设计了四套不同直径的试验风筒以适应不同型号的风机。为了实现风机工况的自动调节,对流量调节阀及其执行机构进行了设计。此外,为了研究风筒内部流场沿径向的速度分布情况,还设计了一套风速自动测试装置。同时,对测控系统的硬件和软件进行了详细的设计。硬件部分主要包括传感器选型和数据采集卡选型。软件部分以LabVIEW为平台,采用模块化编程和面向组件的设计方法,实现了风机工况的自动调节、测试信号的自动采集、试验数据的自动处理、性能曲线的自动绘制以及试验报告的自动生成,通过与数据库连接还实现了试验数据的存储、查询和修改功能。为了合理地设计试验装置,本文采用CFD软件对试验装置的内部流场进行模拟计算。通过理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,探讨了C型进气装置的轴承支座对轴流风机出口气流的阻碍作用,计算了轴承支座与风机出口的距离大小对风机性能曲线的影响,从而为合理地设计轴承支座与风机出口的距离提供依据。同时,研究了顺开式百叶阀和对开式百叶阀对风筒内部流场的影响,计算并比较了两者流场的速度、压力、流线以及湍流动能分布情况,此外还对比了两种阀门的流量特性,为流量调节装置的改进提供参考。最后,为了对风机性能试验系统进行验证,本文在原有设计方案的基础上加以简化,搭建了一套小型试验装置,实际测试了轴流风机的性能并绘制出风机性能曲线。在试验装置的调试过程中,系统运行稳定、可靠,能够满足风机性能试验自动控制和自动采集的要求。
[Abstract]:Fan performance test is an essential link in fan design, production and inspection. At present, many fan manufacturers and research units still use manual testing, which has the disadvantages of high labor intensity and low working efficiency. In order to realize the automation of test process, the performance test system of fan is designed and developed by using virtual instrument technology. First of all, according to the standard GB/T1236-2000 for the overall structure design. The test system consists of fan drive system, standard test duct and measurement and control system. In this paper, four sets of test air ducts with different diameters are designed to suit different types of fans. In order to realize the automatic adjustment of fan working condition, the flow regulating valve and its actuating mechanism are designed. In addition, in order to study the velocity distribution of the flow field along the radial direction, a set of automatic measurement device for wind speed is designed. At the same time, the hardware and software of the measurement and control system are designed in detail. The hardware includes sensor selection and data acquisition card selection. Based on LabVIEW, modular programming and component-oriented design method are used to realize automatic adjustment of fan operating conditions, automatic acquisition of test signals and automatic processing of test data. The automatic drawing of the performance curve and the automatic generation of the test report can also realize the functions of storing, querying and modifying the experimental data by connecting with the database. In order to design the test device reasonably, this paper uses CFD software to simulate and calculate the internal flow field of the test device. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the effect of bearing support of C type air intake device on the outlet flow of axial fan is discussed, and the influence of the distance between bearing support and fan outlet on fan performance curve is calculated. It provides a basis for the reasonable design of the distance between the bearing support and the outlet of the fan. At the same time, the influence of the parallel valve and the open valve on the flow field in the tuyere is studied. The velocity, pressure, streamline and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the flow field are calculated and compared, and the flow characteristics of the two valves are also compared. It provides a reference for the improvement of flow regulating device. Finally, in order to verify the performance test system of the fan, this paper simplifies the original design scheme, builds a set of small test equipment, tests the performance of the axial fan and draws the performance curve of the fan. In the debugging process of the test device, the system runs stably and reliably, and can meet the requirements of automatic control and automatic collection of fan performance test.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH43

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