斜齿轮摩擦激励与故障激励耦合动力学建模及其动态特征研究
发布时间：2019-02-15 13:10
【摘要】：齿轮传动系统及其基础部件在国家装备制造业中具有不可替代的重要地位。随着科学技术的发展,对齿轮传动装置也提出了更高的性能要求,如高速、重载、高可靠性、低噪声、小型化等。斜齿轮传动具有啮合性好、重合度大、传动平稳、振动噪声小、承载能力高等诸多优点,广泛应用于航空航天、冶金、风电、船舶、工程机械、起重运输等行业机械传动系统。然而,斜齿轮由于齿形复杂,加工及装配过程中易产生误差,且传动过程中,其内部激励复杂,齿轮失效频发,成为制约斜齿轮传动系统向长寿命和高可靠性发展的主要因素。齿面摩擦是齿轮产生振动和噪声的重要激励源,齿面摩擦加速了齿轮早期故障的出现,齿轮早期故障的出现反过来又会加剧齿面摩擦,并进一步导致齿轮破坏。因此,开展斜齿轮摩擦激励与故障激励耦合动力学建模研究,建立考虑摩擦的斜齿轮故障动力学模型,解明其内部非线性动态激励与外部振动响应特征之间的关系,具有重大的学术价值与工程意义。论文针对斜齿轮摩擦激励与故障激励耦合动力学建模及其动态特征问题,基于斜齿轮啮合的时变接触线长度,从斜齿轮啮合的摩擦激励和故障激励耦合机理入手,开展了系列斜齿轮啮合内部动态激励与振动响应的研究。论文的主要研究工作包括:①针对目前缺乏不同范围重合度斜齿轮摩擦激励精确算法的问题,采用“分段法”思想,提出了考虑时变啮合力和时变摩擦系数的时变接触线长度、时变摩擦力和时变摩擦力矩的通用计算方法。基于轴的弯曲变形和作用力的关系,提出了一种斜齿轮齿面摩擦力的测试方法。新的计算方法解决了不同范围重合度下斜齿轮摩擦激励精确计算的难题,并揭示了变位系数、螺旋角和齿宽等齿轮参数对时变接触线、时变摩擦力和力矩的影响规律,为设计阶段合理选择斜齿轮参数以减少摩擦激励提供指导。②针对目前齿面剥落故障引起的斜齿轮内部激励的模型和算法不能很好揭示斜齿轮动态特征变化的问题,基于时变接触线长度的变化,提出了齿面剥落故障斜齿轮时变摩擦激励和接触刚度的计算方法;考虑斜齿轮齿面剥落时变摩擦力和时变刚度的变化,建立了时变摩擦力和时变刚度耦合的斜齿轮动力学模型,获得了齿面剥落故障对斜齿轮动态特征的影响规律,为研究斜齿轮齿面剥落故障激励特征提供了一种新的计算方法。③针对目前缺乏在轮齿折断故障下建立耦合时变滑动摩擦力和动态啮合力的斜齿轮三维动力学模型的有效方法,并揭示斜齿轮轮齿折断故障非线性激励及其动态特征的关系问题,提出了基于时变接触线长度的轮齿折断故障斜齿轮啮合刚度计算方法;考虑轮齿折断故障造成偏心质量的离心力和惯性力,以及斜齿轮时变摩擦力和时变啮合力的变化,建立了斜齿轮-轴-轴承耦合三维动力学模型,解明了轮齿折断形式及大小对斜齿轮动态特征的影响,为研究斜齿轮轮齿折断故障激励特征提供了一种新的计算方法。④针对目前斜齿轮内部激励模型未能解明不对中齿轮故障和滑动摩擦耦合作用下斜齿轮动态特征变化的问题,提出了不对中齿轮故障的摩擦激励和误差激励计算方法;基于不对中齿轮故障导致的时变摩擦力和动态啮合力的变化,建立了时变摩擦力和动态啮合力耦合的斜齿轮动力学模型,获得了不对中齿轮故障作用下斜齿轮动力学响应的变化规律,为研究斜齿轮不对中齿轮故障激励特征提供了一种新的计算方法。⑤搭建了斜齿轮故障模拟验证实验台,开展了斜齿轮齿面剥落故障、轮齿折断故障及不对中齿轮故障振动特征的实验研究,经实验结果和模拟仿真计算结果的对比,验证了斜齿轮齿面剥落故障、轮齿折断故障及不对中齿轮故障振动响应特征理论仿真结果的正确性。
[Abstract]:The gear transmission system and its basic parts have an irreplaceable important position in the national equipment manufacturing industry. With the development of science and technology, higher performance requirements for gear transmission are also put forward, such as high speed, heavy load, high reliability, low noise, and the like. the helical gear transmission has the advantages of good meshing property, large coincidence degree, stable transmission, small vibration noise, high bearing capacity and the like, and is widely applied to the mechanical transmission systems of aerospace, metallurgy, wind power, ships, engineering machinery, hoisting and transportation and the like. However, the helical gear is easy to produce error in the process and assembly process due to the complex tooth form, and in the transmission process, the internal excitation is complex, and the gear failure is frequent, thus being the main factor to restrict the development of long life and high reliability of the helical gear transmission system. The friction of the tooth surface is an important source of vibration and noise of the gear. The friction of the tooth surface accelerates the occurrence of the early fault of the gear, which in turn increases the tooth surface friction and further causes the gear to be damaged. Therefore, the dynamic modeling of the friction excitation and failure excitation of the helical gear is carried out, the dynamic model of the helical gear with friction is established, the relation between the internal nonlinear dynamic excitation and the external vibration response characteristic is solved, and the dynamic model has great academic value and engineering significance. In view of the dynamic modeling and the dynamic characteristic of the friction excitation and fault excitation of the helical gear, the time-varying contact line length of the helical gear engagement, the friction excitation and the failure excitation coupling mechanism which are meshed with the helical gear are analyzed. The dynamic excitation and vibration response of a series of helical gears are studied. The main research work of the paper includes the following steps: the problem that the time-varying contact line length of time-varying meshing force and time-varying coefficient of friction is taken into account, General calculation method of time-varying friction and time-varying friction torque. Based on the relation between the bending deformation and the force of the shaft, a method for testing the frictional force of the bevel gear tooth surface is proposed. the new calculation method solves the problem of accurate calculation of the friction excitation of the helical gear under the different range of coincidence, and discloses the influence rule of the gear parameters such as the displacement coefficient, the spiral angle and the tooth width on the time-varying contact line, the time-varying friction force and the moment, The bevel gear parameters are reasonably selected in the design phase to provide guidance for reducing the friction drive. Based on the change of the length of the time-varying contact line, the method for calculating the time-varying frictional excitation and the contact stiffness of the bevel gear with the tooth surface is presented. Considering the change of time-varying friction force and time-varying stiffness of the bevel gear tooth surface, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying stiffness is established, and the influence of the tooth surface peeling fault on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is obtained. A new calculation method is provided for studying the excitation characteristics of the bevel gear tooth surface. The invention discloses an effective method for establishing a three-dimensional dynamic model of a helical gear with a time-varying sliding friction force and a dynamic meshing force under the fault of a tooth break, and discloses a problem of the relationship between the non-linear excitation and the dynamic characteristic of the broken fault of the helical gear tooth, This paper presents a method for calculating the meshing stiffness of the tooth-breaking fault helical gear based on the length of the time-varying contact line, and considering the centrifugal force and the inertia force of the eccentric mass due to the failure of the tooth breaking, and the variation of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying meshing force of the helical gear, The three-dimensional dynamic model of the helical gear-shaft-bearing coupling is established, and the influence of the tooth breaking form and the size on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is solved. In order to solve the problem of the change of the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear fault and the sliding friction coupling under the current helical gear internal excitation model, the method for calculating the friction excitation and the error excitation of the neutral gear fault is put forward. based on the change of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force caused by the failure of the neutral gear, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force is established, and the change law of the dynamic response of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear is obtained, In order to study the characteristics of the gear failure, a new calculation method is provided. In this paper, the simulation and verification experiment table of the helical gear fault is set up, and the experimental research on the fault of the tooth surface of the helical gear, the fault of the tooth breaking and the vibration characteristics of the neutral gear is carried out. The result of the experiment and the simulation result of the simulation show that the surface of the bevel gear is off-off. The fault of the gear teeth and the correctness of the theoretical simulation result of the vibration response characteristic of the medium-gear fault are not correct.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH132.41
[Abstract]:The gear transmission system and its basic parts have an irreplaceable important position in the national equipment manufacturing industry. With the development of science and technology, higher performance requirements for gear transmission are also put forward, such as high speed, heavy load, high reliability, low noise, and the like. the helical gear transmission has the advantages of good meshing property, large coincidence degree, stable transmission, small vibration noise, high bearing capacity and the like, and is widely applied to the mechanical transmission systems of aerospace, metallurgy, wind power, ships, engineering machinery, hoisting and transportation and the like. However, the helical gear is easy to produce error in the process and assembly process due to the complex tooth form, and in the transmission process, the internal excitation is complex, and the gear failure is frequent, thus being the main factor to restrict the development of long life and high reliability of the helical gear transmission system. The friction of the tooth surface is an important source of vibration and noise of the gear. The friction of the tooth surface accelerates the occurrence of the early fault of the gear, which in turn increases the tooth surface friction and further causes the gear to be damaged. Therefore, the dynamic modeling of the friction excitation and failure excitation of the helical gear is carried out, the dynamic model of the helical gear with friction is established, the relation between the internal nonlinear dynamic excitation and the external vibration response characteristic is solved, and the dynamic model has great academic value and engineering significance. In view of the dynamic modeling and the dynamic characteristic of the friction excitation and fault excitation of the helical gear, the time-varying contact line length of the helical gear engagement, the friction excitation and the failure excitation coupling mechanism which are meshed with the helical gear are analyzed. The dynamic excitation and vibration response of a series of helical gears are studied. The main research work of the paper includes the following steps: the problem that the time-varying contact line length of time-varying meshing force and time-varying coefficient of friction is taken into account, General calculation method of time-varying friction and time-varying friction torque. Based on the relation between the bending deformation and the force of the shaft, a method for testing the frictional force of the bevel gear tooth surface is proposed. the new calculation method solves the problem of accurate calculation of the friction excitation of the helical gear under the different range of coincidence, and discloses the influence rule of the gear parameters such as the displacement coefficient, the spiral angle and the tooth width on the time-varying contact line, the time-varying friction force and the moment, The bevel gear parameters are reasonably selected in the design phase to provide guidance for reducing the friction drive. Based on the change of the length of the time-varying contact line, the method for calculating the time-varying frictional excitation and the contact stiffness of the bevel gear with the tooth surface is presented. Considering the change of time-varying friction force and time-varying stiffness of the bevel gear tooth surface, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying stiffness is established, and the influence of the tooth surface peeling fault on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is obtained. A new calculation method is provided for studying the excitation characteristics of the bevel gear tooth surface. The invention discloses an effective method for establishing a three-dimensional dynamic model of a helical gear with a time-varying sliding friction force and a dynamic meshing force under the fault of a tooth break, and discloses a problem of the relationship between the non-linear excitation and the dynamic characteristic of the broken fault of the helical gear tooth, This paper presents a method for calculating the meshing stiffness of the tooth-breaking fault helical gear based on the length of the time-varying contact line, and considering the centrifugal force and the inertia force of the eccentric mass due to the failure of the tooth breaking, and the variation of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying meshing force of the helical gear, The three-dimensional dynamic model of the helical gear-shaft-bearing coupling is established, and the influence of the tooth breaking form and the size on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is solved. In order to solve the problem of the change of the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear fault and the sliding friction coupling under the current helical gear internal excitation model, the method for calculating the friction excitation and the error excitation of the neutral gear fault is put forward. based on the change of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force caused by the failure of the neutral gear, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force is established, and the change law of the dynamic response of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear is obtained, In order to study the characteristics of the gear failure, a new calculation method is provided. In this paper, the simulation and verification experiment table of the helical gear fault is set up, and the experimental research on the fault of the tooth surface of the helical gear, the fault of the tooth breaking and the vibration characteristics of the neutral gear is carried out. The result of the experiment and the simulation result of the simulation show that the surface of the bevel gear is off-off. The fault of the gear teeth and the correctness of the theoretical simulation result of the vibration response characteristic of the medium-gear fault are not correct.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH132.41
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