基于ADAMS的角接触球轴承的动力学分析与结构优化

发布时间：2019-05-23 07:56

【摘要】：角接触球轴承由于具有良好的高速性能和承载能力,被广泛应用于各种高速旋转轴系支撑。高速角接触球轴承的主要失效原因之一是由于轴承运转的不稳定性,因此,保持架的设计就显得非常重要。研究与实践表明,高速角接触球轴承在运转过程中由于保持架的不稳定造成的高速轴系失效占很大的比重。因此,研究高速角接触球轴承的动态特性和保持架的稳定性等动力学行为,对轴承进行结构优化、提高轴承稳定性具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文基于滚动轴承的动力学分析理论,结合轴承的接触、弹流润滑、摩擦等相关理论,系统全面地分析了角接触球轴承各元件之间的作用关系,建立了角接触球轴承动力学微分方程。利用ADAMS软件对角接触球轴承动力学模块进行了二次开发,用Fortran语言编写轴承各元件间的自定义子程序,并将编译生成的动态链接库文件(*.dll)与ADAMS/Solver链接,实现了高速角接触球轴承的动力学仿真。以某型号角接触球轴承为例,分析了保持架分别为方兜孔与圆兜孔时,轴承结构参数与典型工况参数对轴承动力学特性的影响。分析结果表明：1.加大轴向载荷或提高转速,有利于保持架的稳定性,但会增大保持架与外套圈引导面的平均摩擦力矩；轴向载荷较小时,圆兜孔保持架的稳定性优于方兜孔的,而轴向载荷较大时,则方兜孔保持架的稳定性略优于圆兜孔的；在转速较小时,方兜孔保持架的稳定性略优于圆兜孔的,而转速较大时,两种保持架的稳定性基本一致。2.径向载荷的增加会导致保持架稳定性的降低,但可减少保持架与外套圈引导面的平均摩擦力矩：圆兜孔保持架的稳定性略优于方兜孔保持架。3.随着间隙比的增大,方兜孔与圆兜孔两种保持架的不稳定性都增大；当间隙比c小于1时,两种形状的保持架的不稳定性基本一致,而当间隙比c大于1时,方兜孔保持架的稳定性比圆兜孔差；方兜孔保持架与外套圈引导面的平均润滑摩擦力矩呈上升趋势,平均碰撞摩擦力矩则相反。4.随着沟曲率的增大,方兜孔与圆兜孔保持架不稳定性都是先降低再升高；针对本课题,外沟曲率的变化对保持架稳定性的影响比内沟曲率的大；当沟曲率fi=0.54、fo=0.54时,两种保持架的不稳定性最低。5.在任何相同工况条件下,方兜孔保持架与外套圈引导面的平均碰撞摩擦力矩小于圆兜孔的平均碰撞摩擦力矩,而平均润滑摩擦力矩则相反；平均碰撞摩擦力矩变化明显大于润滑摩擦力矩。
[Abstract]:Angular contact ball bearings are widely used in various high speed rotating shafting because of their good high speed performance and bearing capacity. One of the main failure reasons of high speed angular contact ball bearing is the instability of bearing operation, so the design of cage is very important. The research and practice show that the failure of high speed shaft system caused by the instability of cage accounts for a large proportion of the failure of high speed angular contact ball bearing during operation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of high speed angular contact ball bearings and the stability of cages, and to optimize the structure of bearings and improve the stability of bearings. Based on the dynamic analysis theory of rolling bearing, combined with the related theories of bearing contact, elastohydrodynamic lubrication, friction and so on, the relationship between the components of angular contact ball bearing is systematically and comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The dynamic differential equation of angular contact ball bearing is established. The dynamics module of angular contact ball bearing is developed by using ADAMS software. The custom subroutine between bearing components is written in Fortran language, and the compiled dynamic link library file (* .dll) is linked to ADAMS/Solver. The dynamic simulation of high speed angular contact ball bearing is realized. Taking an angular contact ball bearing as an example, the influence of bearing structure parameters and typical working conditions on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing is analyzed when the cage is square hole and circular hole, respectively. The results show that: 1. Increasing the axial load or increasing the rotating speed is beneficial to the stability of the cage, but it will increase the average friction torque between the cage and the guide surface of the jacket ring. When the axial load is small, the stability of the round pocket hole cage is better than that of the square pocket hole, but when the axial load is large, the stability of the square pocket hole cage is slightly better than that of the round pocket hole. When the rotating speed is small, the stability of the square hole cage is slightly better than that of the round pocket hole, but when the rotating speed is large, the stability of the two cages is basically the same. 2. The increase of radial load will lead to the decrease of the stability of the cage, but can reduce the average friction torque between the cage and the guide surface of the outer ring: the stability of the round hole cage is slightly better than that of the square hole cage. 3. With the increase of clearance ratio, the instability of square hole and round hole cage increases. When the clearance ratio c is less than 1, the instability of the two shape cages is basically the same, while when the clearance ratio c is greater than 1, the stability of the square hole cage is worse than that of the round pocket hole. The average lubrication friction torque between the square hole cage and the guide surface of the outer ring is on the rise, while the average collision friction moment is the opposite. 4. With the increase of groove curvature, the instability of square hole and circular hole cage decreases at first and then increases. In this paper, the influence of the change of outer groove curvature on the stability of cage is greater than that of inner groove curvature. When the groove curvature is fi=0.54,fo=0.54, the instability of the two cages is the lowest. 5. Under any same working condition, the average collision friction torque between the square hole cage and the guide surface of the outer ring is smaller than that of the circular hole, while the average lubrication friction moment is the opposite. The change of average collision friction torque is obviously larger than that of lubrication friction torque.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH133.3

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