易挥发性液体化学品在厂房扩散的数值模拟

发布时间：2018-06-01 05:09

本文选题：有毒液体 + 泄漏　；参考：《北京化工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国工业化的快速发展,危险化学品的生产、使用及存储越来越多,特别在石油、化工等领域。同时,压力容器、储罐和压力管道的疲劳断裂,以及压力容器的操作失误等原因都会造成危险化学品的泄漏、相变及扩散,产生了越来越多的意外事故,给国家及人民的生命安全和财产带来了严重威胁,因此,对危险化学品的研究日益受到关注。实际上,在石油、化工厂中发生的许多事故都是加压或冷冻储存液体的意外泄漏。在短时间内发生闪蒸,使液态介质雾化,达到气液平衡。因此,影响危险化学品相变扩散的因素较多,机理复杂,研究这些影响因素对事故的预防和事故发生后的救援措施有重要的指导意义。本文使用CFD模拟了厂房中变风向对于危险化学品泄漏、相变及扩散的影响,考虑了液体发生相变时的蒸发潜热,分析了不同时刻的危害区域范围,应用DPM数学模型,数值预测了危险化学品在有限空间的温度场、速度场及浓度场的时空分布。研究表明：风向改变厂房中流场的分布。风向发生改变时,厂房内流场重新分布,流场的湍动强度也发生改变。同时,也分析了不同影响因素,如风速、风向、泄漏速率、当量直径及环境温度等对液体化学品相变扩散的影响,表明不同因素对CH3OH的扩散速率、危害区域等影响程度不同,它们相互作用,共同影响液体化学品的泄漏、相变及扩散。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization in China, more and more dangerous chemicals are produced, used and stored, especially in the fields of petroleum and chemical industry. At the same time, the fatigue fracture of pressure vessels, storage tanks and pressure pipes, as well as the misoperation of pressure vessels, will cause the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of dangerous chemicals, resulting in more and more accidents. The research on hazardous chemicals has been paid more and more attention because of the serious threat to the life and property of the country and people. In fact, many accidents in oil and chemical plants are accidental leaks of pressurized or frozen stored liquids. Flash evaporation occurs in a short time to atomize liquid medium and achieve gas-liquid equilibrium. Therefore, there are many factors affecting the diffusion of phase change of hazardous chemicals, and the mechanism is complex. It is of great significance to study these factors for the prevention of accidents and rescue measures after accidents. In this paper, CFD is used to simulate the effects of variable wind direction on the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of hazardous chemicals. The latent heat of evaporation is considered when liquid phase transition occurs. The range of hazardous regions at different times is analyzed, and the DPM mathematical model is applied. The spatial and temporal distributions of temperature, velocity and concentration fields of hazardous chemicals in finite space are predicted numerically. The results show that the wind direction changes the distribution of the flow field in the workshop. When the wind direction changes, the flow field redistributes and the turbulent intensity of the flow field changes. At the same time, the effects of different factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, leakage rate, equivalent diameter and ambient temperature, on phase change diffusion of liquid chemicals are also analyzed. They interact with each other to influence the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of liquid chemicals.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086.5

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