飞机地面牵引移动与停放安全技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 10:34

本文选题：飞机牵引 + 牵引载荷控制　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：安全是民航永恒的主题,是民航赖以生存和发展的基础。地面安全作为航空安全重要组成部分,始终是行业监管的工作重点。飞机在地面牵引、停放过程中,由于天气、环境、突发意外事件、人为失误等因素可能会造成人员伤亡或财产损失的地面事故。这些事故虽不像空难事故那样损失惨重、影响巨大,但其发生频率之高,因此同样应该引起足够的警惕和重视。有鉴于此,本文针对航空地面安全,研究探讨常规工况下飞机地面牵引移动过程中和地面停放时的安全问题。主要研究内容包括:1)基于Adams仿真平台,针对B737-800飞机建立了飞机牵引系统的动力学仿真模型,考虑了实际牵引系统存在的连接间隙引起的接触碰撞,对牵引飞机经过地面凹坑和凸起此类不平坦路面产生的牵引载荷及起落架部件受载进行了仿真分析,并考察了不同牵引速度产生的影响;对不同刹车制动力对牵引载荷的影响进行了分析。讨论了不匹配牵引系统对载荷的影响,分析了B737-800飞机前起落架下阻力臂在牵引载荷作用下的失效型式。2)针对现行牵引作业中牵引载荷无法控制,遇到特殊情况或非正常作业时无法保证安全的问题,提出对牵引载荷实施控制以提高牵引作业安全性的思想并设计了一种新型牵引杆,基于半主动式和被动式两类控制方法,该牵引杆可根据需要实时改变自身刚度和阻尼。对确定缓冲参数进行了研究,建立了相关数学模型,通过仿真对可控缓冲特性牵引杆的应用效果进行评估,结果表明,这种新型牵引杆可有效减缓飞机地面牵引载荷。3)在广泛调研飞机制造商(波音和空客)、轮挡制造商、国内外航空公司及机场的基础上,通过分析B737-800飞机试验等相关资料,完成了飞机的前风升力、前风推力及侧风推力计算,通过对飞机进行受力分析得出了轮胎载荷分布情况;以国内常见橡胶轮挡和金属轮档为例,结合风力环境、地面环境、刹车状态、极限风速,利用摩擦锥自锁原理详细分析了在飞机依靠轮挡所能克服的最大风速条件下轮挡的阻挡功效和可能失效形式。4)利用有限元方法对2种金属轮档进行分析,提出了参量“推开系数”来衡量金属轮挡的阻挡功效,比较得出了它们的优缺点,并对金属轮挡进行了拓扑优化;在综合考虑轮挡阻挡功效、结构失效、使用便利性等各种因素后,提出了优化的橡胶轮挡设计方案和综合性能较高的金属轮挡设计方案。
[Abstract]:Safety is the eternal theme of civil aviation, which is the basis for the survival and development of civil aviation. As an important part of aviation safety, ground safety has always been the focus of industry supervision. In the course of towing and parking of aircraft on the ground, some factors such as weather, environment, unexpected accidents, human errors and so on may cause casualties or property losses. Although these accidents do not have the same heavy losses and great impact as the air accidents, but their frequency is so high that they should also arouse sufficient vigilance and attention. In view of this, aiming at aviation ground safety, this paper studies and discusses the safety problems in the course of aircraft ground traction movement and ground parking under normal working conditions. The main research contents include: (1) based on the Adams simulation platform, the dynamic simulation model of the aircraft traction system is established for the B737-800 aircraft, and the contact collision caused by the connection gap of the actual traction system is considered. In this paper, the traction load and the load of the landing gear parts caused by the traction aircraft passing through the ground pit and the raised uneven road surface are simulated and analyzed, and the influence of different traction speeds on the traction load and the landing gear component load are investigated. The influence of braking force on traction load is analyzed. This paper discusses the influence of mismatched traction system on the load, and analyzes the failure pattern of the drag arm under the front landing gear of B737-800 aircraft under the traction load. In this paper, a new type of traction rod is designed, which is based on semi-active control method and passive control method. The traction rod can change its stiffness and damping in real time according to the need. This paper studies the determination of buffer parameters, establishes relevant mathematical models and evaluates the application effect of controllable buffer characteristic traction rod by simulation. The results show that, This new type of traction rod can effectively slow down the ground traction load of aircraft. On the basis of extensive investigation of aircraft manufacturers (Boeing and Airbus, wheel gear manufacturers, domestic and foreign airlines and airports, etc.), this paper analyzes the relevant data such as the B737-800 aircraft test. The front wind lift, front wind thrust and crosswind thrust of the aircraft are calculated, and the distribution of tire load is obtained through the analysis of the aircraft force. Taking the domestic common rubber wheel gear and metal wheel gear as examples, combined with the wind environment, the ground environment, Brake state, limit wind speed, using friction cone self-locking principle to analyze in detail the blocking effect and possible failure form of wheel gear under the condition of the maximum wind speed which the aircraft can overcome by relying on wheel gear. 4) the finite element method is used to analyze the two metal gear gears. The parameter "push coefficient" is put forward to measure the blocking effect of metal gear, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the topology of metal gear is optimized. After using various factors such as convenience, the optimized design scheme of rubber wheel gear and the design scheme of metal gear with high comprehensive performance are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V328;V351

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