深海冲泥作业装置设计及工作机理研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:13

【摘要】：现代社会航空业和飞行业日趋繁盛,随之而来的越来越多的空难事故逐渐从浅海向深海发展。黑匣子是空难事故最为重要的记录仪器,自从2014年马航MH370以来,世界上越来越多的人开始关注黑匣子的搜寻打捞作业。深海环境中,由于海底沉积物的沉积作用较为严重,因此黑匣子表面通常会覆盖有一层厚厚的海底沉积物,严重影响黑匣子的搜寻打捞作业。本文主要的目标就是设计一个能够完成深海6000 m条件下进行淹没式水射流冲泥的冲泥工具,利用实验研究的方式研究冲泥的工作特性和冲泥工具的可行性。本文基于N.Rajaratnam垂直射流条件下淹没式水射流冲泥的理论研究思路,在其模型中通过改变泥沙性质并加入射流角度这一变量来重新推导冲坑特性的数学模型。结合淹没式水射流冲泥试验数据,利用多项式拟合的方法,对试验数据进行拟合处理,最终辨识出冲坑形态数学模型的参数,完成了任意角度下,不同靶距时,淹没式水射流冲坑形态的经验公式推导。设计加工淹没式水射流冲泥特性试验装置,搭建淹没式水射流冲泥特性试验台。进行了不同射流角度、射流靶距条件下的冲泥试验,采用了针对极细泥沙沉积物冲坑的测量方法——切割影印轮廓法,分析了冲坑形态随射流靶距和射流角度的变化曲线,得出射流靶距和射流角度对淹没式水射流冲泥特性的影响,综合分析得到淹没式水射流冲泥的最佳靶距和角度范围。根据深海冲泥作业装置的设计要求,设计加工淹没式水射流冲泥装置和试验装置,搭建冲泥装置冲泥试验台。进行了淹没式水射流冲泥装置的冲泥可行性试验,并通过对比分析不同冲泥方式下冲坑的形态,得出结论:在最佳的射流靶距和角度范围内,淹没式水射流冲泥装置能够实现课题要求的冲泥指标;反复式冲泥的方式优于前进式冲泥的冲泥效果。
[Abstract]:In modern society, aviation industry and flight industry become more and more prosperous, with which more and more air accidents develop from shallow sea to deep sea. Black box is the most important recording instrument for air accident. Since 2014 Malaysia Airlines MH370, more and more people around the world have begun to pay attention to the search and salvage operation of black box. In the deep-sea environment, because of the serious sedimentation of submarine sediments, the surface of the black box is usually covered with a thick layer of seabed sediment, which seriously affects the search and salvage of the black box. The main goal of this paper is to design a mud flushing tool which can carry out submerged water jet flushing under the condition of 6000 m deep sea. The working characteristics and feasibility of the tool are studied by means of experimental research. Based on the theoretical research idea of submerged water jet flushing mud under the condition of N.Rajaratnam vertical jet, the mathematical model of scour pit characteristics is derived by changing sediment properties and adding the variable of jet angle in its model. Combined with the test data of submerged water jet scouring test, the experimental data were fitted by polynomial fitting method, and the parameters of the mathematical model of scouring pit shape were finally identified. At any angle, when the target distance was different, the parameters of the mathematical model of scouring pit shape were identified. The empirical formula for the shape of the scour pit of submerged water jet is derived. Design and manufacture submerged water jet scour characteristic test device, build submerged water jet scour characteristic test bed. The experiments of scouring mud with different jet angles and jet target distances were carried out. The cutting photocopying profile method was used to measure the scour pits of very fine sediment sediments, and the curves of the shape of scouring pits with the jet target distance and jet angle were analyzed. The influence of jet target distance and jet angle on the flushing characteristics of submerged water jet is obtained, and the optimum target distance and angle range of submerged water jet flushing mud are obtained by comprehensive analysis. According to the design requirements of deep-sea mud washing operation device, the submerged water jet scouring device and test device were designed and the mud flushing test bench was built. The feasibility test of the submerged water jet scouring device is carried out, and the shape of the scour pit under different scouring modes is compared and analyzed. It is concluded that in the optimum range of jet target distance and angle, The inundated water jet scouring device can achieve the target of the project, and the way of repeatedly washing mud is better than that of forward type.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U676.8;V328

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