应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的接驳公交应急优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 23:25

本文关键词：应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的接驳公交应急优化研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市轨道交通作为我国城市公共交通的主要出行方式之一,有效地支撑了城市流动性。然而,由于一些不可抗拒因素,城市轨道交通突发服务中断情况时有发生,若不及时采取合理的应急措施,将会造成大量乘客延误,增加安全风险。常规地面公交具有分布密集、调度灵活、运能较大等特点,是应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的重要手段,能够快速疏散乘客,保障运输接续。本论文以交通规划理论、运筹学理论及智能优化算法理论等为基础,以城市轨道交通突发服务中断为研究场景,以接驳公交为研究对象,系统性地研究了应急模式、应急需求、应急线路、应急调度及应急系统编制等内容,旨在为城市轨道交通突发服务中断应急组织与管理提供理论及实践应用基础,降低安全风险,减小乘客延误,节约应急成本。本论文研究内容主要包含以下四个方面:(1)应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的接驳公交应急模式及需求研究。本论文系统地探讨了突发服务中断类型、应急模式、接驳公交服务范围及应急需求等内容,为研究应急线路及应急调度奠定了理论框架基础:依据事故发生位置及对城市轨道交通影响范围的不同,将突发服务中断分为单线突发服务中断及网络突发服务中断两种类型;提出了城市轨道交通小交路运行辅以常规公交接驳的应急疏散模式,即未受影响区间城市轨道交通正常运营,接驳公交保障受影响区间乘客的正常出行;细化了接驳公交功能,单线突发服务中断的影响范围较小且客流走向简单,为方便组织,接驳公交仅需具备替代受影响区域城市轨道交通功能即可,网络突发服务中断的涉及范围广且客流复杂,接驳公交还需同时具备补充接驳能力,将疏散范围扩大到整个城市轨道交通网络;以突发服务中断发生时刻为分界点,将疏散需求分为静态需求及动态需求两个部分,并深入探讨了事故发生时刻列车所处不同位置所导致的不同静态客流情况。(2)应对城市轨道交通单线突发服务中断的接驳公交应急调度优化。单线突发服务中断下,接驳公交仅具有替代接驳功能,其线路走向及停站完全按照城市轨道交通线路布设,因此,需求解接驳公交应急调度问题,包括接驳公交应从哪些驻车点派出、驻车点应该派往接驳公交车站的车辆数、被派出的接驳公交应按照接驳公交线路往返运行的次数、以及其应该从哪个接驳公交车站返回原驻车点。本论文构建了应对城市轨道交通单线突发服务中断的接驳公交应急调度优化模型,并设计了基于等效驻车点思想的求解方法,将原非线性规划模型转化为易于求解的运输问题模型,以南京地铁为实例,验证了模型与算法的可行性,并对模型参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明,随着规定救援时间的增加,总的疏散成本及需要调派的接驳公交数量减小。此外,派出的车辆数与驻车点数量并无显著关系,而两端小交路的需求分布对接驳公交调派方案影响较大。上述结论对接驳公交资源配置具有一定指导意义,有助于提高公交资源在应急疏散时的利用效率。(3)应对城市轨道交通网络突发服务中断的接驳公交应急线路优化。网络突发服务中断下,接驳公交的服务范围被扩散至整个城市轨道交通网络,具有替代及补充接驳两种功能。替代接驳公交线路可依据服务中断范围直接确定,而补充接驳公交线路需依据设置需求进一步确定。因此,需要开行几条补充接驳公交应急线路、每条补充接驳公交线路应如何走向及需要设置哪些停站成为了网络突发服务中断下接驳公交应急首先需要解决的问题。本论文以保障受影响乘客出行时间为出发点,通过以“站”定“线”的方式,逐步确定补充接驳公交线路集合。定“站”:通过对比城市轨道交通各车站对在不同网络下的最短路行程时间,将其分为完全中断车站对、部分受影响车站对及未受影响车站对三种类型;当部分受影响车站对及完全中断车站对在实际道路网络下的最短路行程时间最小时,即可获得补充接驳需求车站对集合。定“线”:本论文以最小化补充接驳公交线网总长度目标,构建了补充接驳公交线路优化模型,并基于最短路相关定理,以需求车站对最短路之间的相互关系为判断依据,设计了候选线路合并与重组的优化算法,并通过算例分析验证了模型与算法的可行性。(4)应对城市轨道交通网络突发服务中断的接驳公交应急调度优化。突发服务中断下,接驳公交任务可分为滞留乘客疏散任务与运输接续保障任务。静态客流具有数量较大且滞留时间较长的特点,接驳公交应尽快完成该部分乘客疏散。动态客流为正常稳定客流,接驳公交可按一定发车间隔或时刻表运行。因此,为适应不同接驳任务需求,本论文提出了基于两阶段的接驳公交动态应急调度模式。第一阶段“完成滞留乘客疏散”:该阶段接驳公交调度模式为接驳公交不间断运行;以最小化滞留乘客延误时间为目标,构建了第一阶段接驳公交动态调度优化模型,并设计了基于多层编码的遗传算法进行求解。第二阶段“保障运输接续”:该阶段接驳公交调度模式为按照给定时刻表运行;以最小化接驳公交总接续时间为目标,构建了第二阶段接驳公交动态调度优化模型,并设计了改进模拟退火算法进行求解。此外,通过设置状态结束点及虚拟驻车点,实现两个阶段模型的联系与互动,从而可获得第一阶段结束时刻及返程接驳公交车辆数。最后,通过算例验证了两阶段思想及两个模型与算法的可行性。(5)应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的接驳公交应急设计系统开发。为实现实际生产实践时的快速应急响应,在前述理论研究基础上,本论文设计了应对城市轨道交通突发服务中断的接驳公交应急系统,通过自动编制与人机辅助编制相结合的方式,大大提高了接驳公交应急设计效率。
[Abstract]:City rail transportation as one of the main ways of city public transportation in our country, to effectively support the city mobility. However, due to some irresistible factors, city rail traffic emergency service interruption occurs, if it is not reasonable to take emergency measures in a timely manner, will cause a large number of passengers, the conventional ground increased security risk. The bus has a distribution intensive, flexible scheduling, capacity is higher and other characteristics, is an important means to deal with city rail traffic burst service interruption, to quickly evacuate the passengers, protect the transport connection. In this paper, traffic planning theory, operational research theory and intelligent optimization theory, with the city rail transit emergency service interruption on the scene the shuttle bus, as the research object, a systematic study of the emergency mode, emergency needs, emergency line, emergency dispatch and emergency department unified system and other content, purpose To provide a theoretical and practical basis for the application of city rail transit emergency service interruption emergency organization and management, reduce security risks, reduce passenger delay, save the cost of emergency. The main content of this paper includes the following four aspects: (1) the shuttle bus emergency mode and demand of service interruption to city rail traffic burst. This paper the system of sudden interruption of service type, emergency mode, feeder bus service and emergency demand etc., laid the foundation of theoretical framework for research on the emergency line and emergency dispatch: according to the accident location and city track traffic impact area, sudden interruption of service is divided into single burst service interruption and network emergency service interrupt two types; put forward the city rail transit short routing operation with conventional public transit emergency evacuation mode, which is not affected by the range of city The normal operation of rail traffic, the normal travel of feeder bus protection of the affected range of passengers; refine the feeder bus function, single emergency service interruption influence range is small and the passenger to simple, convenient, shuttle bus only has replaced the affected area of city rail traffic function, network emergency service interruption involving a wide range and passenger shuttle bus is complex, must also have the added ability to connect, will expand the scope of the evacuation to the entire city rail transportation network; in the emergency service interruption occurs as the cut-off point, the evacuation demand is divided into two parts: static and dynamic demand demand, and probes into the different static traffic situation when the train accident occurred at different positions as a result of. (2) the shuttle bus scheduling optimization of emergency response city rail transit line emergency service interruption. Single service burst off the ground Shuttle bus only substitution connected to the function, the direction of the line and stop completely in accordance with the city rail transit line layout, therefore, needs to solve the shuttle bus emergency scheduling problem, including the shuttle bus from which the parking point sent, parking should be sent to the shuttle bus station vehicle number, the number of bus should be connected to be sent in accordance with the feeder bus line operation, and it should return to the original parking point from which the shuttle bus station. This paper constructs the optimization model of feeder bus emergency dispatch to city rail transit line emergency service interruption, and design method of equivalent parking point based on the idea of the original nonlinear programming model is transformed into a model of transportation problem easily for the subway in Nanjing as an example to verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm, and the model parameters are analysed. The results show that with the provisions to save Increase aid time, the total cost and the need to evacuate the shuttle bus number deployed decreased. In addition, there is no significant relationship between the number of vehicles dispatched with the parking number, and two small cross road demand distribution on the shuttle bus dispatch scheme influence. These conclusions are of significance for the shuttle bus allocation of resources, help improve public resource in emergency evacuation efficiency. (3) the optimization of feeder bus line city rail transit network emergency response emergency service interruption. The unexpected network service interruption, shuttle bus service was spread to the whole city rail transit network, with alternative and supplementary feeder two functions of feeder bus routes can substitute. On the basis of the service interruption range determined directly, and additional feeder bus lines need to be set on the basis of demand further determined. Therefore, it needs to operate several supplementary emergency feeder bus line, Each additional shuttle bus lines should be how to stop the trend and need to set up what became the network emergency service interruption under the feeder bus first needs to solve the emergency problems. In this paper, protect the affected passengers travel time as the starting point, through to "stand" "line", gradually determine supplement of feeder bus routes set. "Station": by comparing the city rail transit station on the shortest travel time in different networks, which can be divided into complete interruption of the station, part of the affected and unaffected station of station of three types; when part of the affected station to station and complete interruption of most hours of the shortest path travel time in the actual road network, you can get access to the station of demand set. Set the "line": this thesis is to minimize the total length of feeder bus network of target, construct the supplementary feeder public transportation Path optimization model, and based on the shortest path to the station on demand related theorem, relationship between the short-circuit of the basis for judging the optimization design of the candidate line merger and reorganization, and verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm by the example analysis. (4) the shuttle bus scheduling optimization of emergency response to the city rail transit network emergency service the sudden interruption of service interruption. The shuttle bus, the task can be divided into stranded passengers evacuation missions and transport support tasks. The static connection has the characteristics of large number of passenger flow and retention time is longer, the shuttle bus should as soon as possible after the evacuation of passengers. The dynamic flow of normal and stable passenger shuttle bus can according to a certain interval or departure time table operation. Therefore, in order to adapt to different access task requirements, this paper presents the shuttle bus dynamic emergency scheduling mode based on two stages. The first stage of "complete retention The evacuation of passengers: shuttle bus scheduling mode of the stage for the shuttle bus uninterrupted operation; to minimize the delay time of passengers as the goal, to build the optimization model of feeder bus dynamic scheduling of the first stage, and designed a genetic algorithm based on multi encoding. In the second stage "security transport connection: shuttle bus scheduling mode of the stage according to the given schedule; to minimize the total feeder bus connecting time as the goal, to build the optimization model of feeder bus dynamic scheduling second stage, and the design of the improved simulated annealing algorithm to solve the problem. In addition, by setting the state of the end point and virtual parking point, realize the connection and interaction between the two stages of the model, which can get the first at the end of the stage and return feeder bus number. Finally, through an example to verify the two stage thought and two model and algorithm of (5). The development of feeder bus system to deal with emergency design of city rail traffic emergency service interruption. In order to realize the rapid response of emergency production practice, in the basis of theoretical research, this paper designed to deal with the city rail transit emergency service interruption shuttle bus emergency system, through the combination of automatic programming and man-machine aided phase, greatly to improve the design efficiency of feeder bus emergency.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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