莆田市城市道路交通噪声污染特征分析

发布时间：2018-01-04 05:20

本文关键词：莆田市城市道路交通噪声污染特征分析　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着莆田市经济的飞速发展,城市的道路交通也得到了迅猛发展,机动车的数量也有了迅猛的增长,城市基础设施的更新速度已经无法跟上交通发展需求,导致了严重的城市交通噪声污染,治理城市交通噪声污染的严峻形势已迫在眉睫。本文以莆田市城市道路交通噪声为研究对象,通过资料查阅、现场监测、数据收集、数据分析等手段,采用计算机软件Excel和SPSS等进行数据处理,对城市不同等级道路的交通量和交通噪声的时空分布特征、不同等级道路交通噪声污染情况进行了分析,还结合莆田市的道路特征对道路交通噪声的几个影响因素进行了定量分析,建立了实测交通噪声预测模型并利用三种交通噪声经验模型(FHWA模型、交通部模型和环保部模型)对交通噪声预测进行预测和对比,寻找适合本地的交通噪声预测模型并对其进行修正。为城市道路交通噪声污染的治理提供了理论支撑,也为道路的交通规划提供了技术支持。得出如下结论:(1)莆田市的不同等级道路的交通量从大到小的顺序是:主干道次干道支路。近8年来莆田市不同等级道路的交通量都处于增长的趋势,次干路的平均交通量增长了 1000pcu/h,主干路和支路的平均交通量增长了 500pcu/h,而且次干路的交通量慢慢趋近于主干路的交通量;(2)近8年来莆田市主干路和次干路的交通噪声平均等效声级都处于波动的状态,支路的交通噪声等效声级处于增长的趋势;而且位于中心城区的道路的交通噪声污染明显比远离中心城区的道路的交通噪声污染严重。总体上看:95.2%监测点的交通噪声声级都符合声环境质量的标准,只有个别监测点的交通噪声有超标的现象;(3)当车流量4000 pcu/h时,道路交通噪声先随着车流量的增加而加剧增加,呈现出明显的正相关关系,但当车流量达到4000pcu/h后,两者的关系就不显著了。与车流量原始数据相比,交通噪声和车流量的对数的相关性更好;(4)道路交通噪声受车型比的影响关系是大型车摩托车中型车小型车,即随着大型车车型比的增加,交通噪声增加比较明显。而且交通噪声和车辆车速在一定的速度范围内也表现出正相关的关系,特别是摩托车和大型车的车速对交通噪声的影响较大,超过一定的速度(大型车的界定车速为50km/h;摩托车的界定车速为37km/h),两者之间的关系不显著;(5)路面宽度对道路交通噪声的影响不大;沥青路面的道路交通噪声普遍小于水泥路面的道路交通噪声,可知沥青路面的降噪效果好;(6)交通噪声预测结果:FWHA模型、交通部模型和环保部模型的结果的绝对误差分别为2.04dB(A)、4.80 dB(A)和1.20 dB(A),其中环保部模型的预测值与实测值的误差最小,为最佳的莆田市城市道路交通噪声经验预测模型。进一步,利用SPSS软件对各车型车辆辐射声级和车速的对数之间的关系进行了回归拟合,采用回归所得参数修正了环保部模型中的车辆的平均辐射噪声参数:得到平均绝对误差值为1.03dB(A),预测精度得到进一步的提高,可做为研究区交通噪声预测优先考虑模型;(7)结合道路交通噪声影响因素的研究结论,针对性地对莆田市的道路交通噪声提出一些的治理控制措施,如采用低噪声路面、合理规划等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy of Putian City, the city road traffic has been rapid development, the number of motor vehicles also have a rapid growth, the update speed of city infrastructure has been unable to keep up with the development of traffic demand, causing the traffic noise pollution of the city, the grim situation of city traffic noise pollution in city is imminent. Putian city road traffic noise as the research object, through access to information, on-site monitoring, data collection, data analysis and other means, with the software of Excel and SPSS for data processing, spatial distribution of traffic volume and traffic noise of city of different grade roads, different levels of road traffic noise pollution were analyzed, for the quantitative analysis combined with the characteristics of Putian city road traffic noise impact on several factors, established the measured traffic noise prediction model Type and use three kinds of traffic noise model (FHWA model, traffic model and the Ministry of environmental protection model) on traffic noise forecast and comparison, find suitable for local traffic noise prediction model and revise. Provide theoretical support for the governance of city road traffic noise pollution, but also for road traffic planning technical support. Draw the following conclusions: (1) the order of traffic in Putian city of the road from large to small is main road Road branch. The traffic volume of Putian city in recent 8 years of different grade roads are in growth trend, the average traffic volume of roads increased by 1000pcu/h, the average amount of traffic trunk road and branch growth 500pcu/h, traffic volume and traffic volume of roads slowly close to the trunk road; (2) in recent 8 years in Putian city main road and secondary trunk road traffic noise equivalent sound level are average In the volatile state, the equivalent traffic noise level branch is in growth trend; and the traffic noise pollution at the center of the city road traffic noise pollution is more obvious than away from the downtown road seriously. On the whole: the traffic noise level 95.2% monitoring points are in line with the sound environmental quality standards, only the individual traffic noise monitoring point have exceed the standard phenomenon; (3) when the traffic flow of 4000 pcu/h, the traffic noise along with the increase in traffic flow and increase, showing a significant positive correlation, but when the traffic flow is 4000pcu/h, the relationship between them was not significant. Compared with the original vehicle flow data, better correlation between traffic the noise and traffic flow; (4) the road traffic noise affected models than is the relationship between the large and medium-sized car motorcycle small cars with large cars than the increase of traffic noise increase Obviously. And the traffic noise and vehicle speed in a certain range of speed also showed a positive correlation, especially the influence of motorcycles and large vehicles speed on traffic noise is larger than a certain rate (the definition of large vehicle speed is 50km/h; the definition of the motorcycle speed is 37km/h), the relationship between the two is not significant; (5) the road width has little influence on the road traffic noise; road traffic noise and road traffic noise of asphalt pavement is generally less than the cement pavement, the asphalt pavement noise reduction effect is good; (6) the traffic noise prediction results: FWHA model, absolute error model and the Ministry of Communications Ministry of environmental protection of the results of the model for 2.04dB respectively (A), 4.80 dB (A) and 1.20 dB (A), the prediction model of the Ministry of environmental protection value and practical value of the minimum error, for the Putian city road traffic noise prediction model. The best experience further, using SPSS software The relation between the vehicle and the speed of sound radiation of the logarithmic regression, the regression parameters obtained from the modified model in the Ministry of environmental protection vehicle average radiation noise parameters: the average absolute error value is 1.03dB (A), the prediction accuracy can be further improved, can be used for traffic noise prediction research area is preferred. Conclusion the combined model; (7) study on the influencing factors of road traffic noise, according to road traffic noise in Putian City, put forward some controlling measures, such as the use of low noise pavement, reasonable planning.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.91

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