城市道路交通系统效率指标体系与多方式路网优化设计

发布时间：2018-01-04 20:42

  本文关键词：城市道路交通系统效率指标体系与多方式路网优化设计　出处：《东南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 道路交通系统 效率 多方式 路网优化设计 指标体系 启发式算法 混行交通 组合需求预测模型

【摘要】：面对快速城市化和快速机动化的双重压力,很多城市出现交通拥堵、能源消耗、空气污染等一系列负面问题。在有限的道路和能源资源下,合理规划道路,发挥道路潜力,提高道路交通系统的效率是解决交通拥堵、实现节能减排的重要对策之一。提高道路交通系统效率首先需解决的问题是,解析效率的内涵,分析效率的影响因素。但是,不同主体对交通运输系统效率的理解不同,效率的定义尚未统一。因此很难客观的评价系统的效率高低,这也使以效率为主导目标的道路交通规划、管理难以开展。合理规划城市各种交通道路网,能充分发挥各种交通方式的优势。然而近十几年来,城市道路规划理念以机动车为主导；慢行道路的规划方法,针对的多是局部整治,鲜有涉及慢行道路,或者机动车与慢行道路的整体路网规划的具体方法。论文依托国家自然科学基金重点项目“演变中的现代城市道路交通系统集成设计基础理论与方法”(NO.51238008)和国家重点基础研究发展规划项目计划(973计划)“公交主导型多方式交通网络的协同机理与耦合理论”(NO.2012CB725400),研究城市道路交通系统效率和以效率为目标的机动车、慢行道路网整体规划设计方法。论文分为两个部分。第一部分研究城市道路交通系统效率的涵义,建立评价系统效率的指标体系；第二部分以交通效率为优化目标,研究机动车、慢行道路的多方式网络优化设计方法,并建立模型、设计算法以实现该设计方法。论文的主要工作具体分为以下五个方面：首先,将道路交通系统分为道路系统、交通系统、管理控制系统三个部分。从对于“效率”初始定义的解读,到各种与交通运输系统相关的“效率”定义的归类和整理,定义了道路交通系统效率,并归纳了“效率”的三种含义。论文主要讨论其中含义为“道路交通系统投入与产出的关系”的效率,并从系统的三个组成部分的投入、产出角度分析交通系统这种服务产品的生产过程。第二,从三个组成部分的投入、产出角度,使用分析法等多种方法构建道路交通系统效率的评价指标体系。通过分析,选取或设计指标体系中的每个指标,对每个指标进行定义、量化和等级划分。发放专家问卷,用序关系法确定指标权重,采用模糊综合评价法进行指标体系的实例评价应用。第三,探讨如何选取路网设计问题的优化目标,将交通系统效率的居民出行时耗,车辆燃油消耗量和污染排放量作为本文道路网设计的优化目标。分析我国混行交通特性,并根据特性,提出机动车、自行车、步行车道的整体设计方法,建立双层模型实现该方法。上层模型为三个目标的函数模型式。下层模型改进了Boyce的出行选择同时决策的组合需求预测模型,将其扩展到多方式混行等其他更一般的情况：对模型进行推导、证明,并设计了精确解法。第四,分析了三个单目标及多目标优化方案的目标值,和采用各方案时的交通结构。尽管实例中设计道路比重较小,不同路网设计优化方案之间的出行需求和目标值的差异依旧可以得到正确反映,说明了本文设计方法的合理性。将本文需求预测模型与独立交通情况的模型、无附加成本系数的模型、不考虑附加成本情况的模型进行对比。本文模型与出行调查数据的拟合度为0.659,明显高于其他情况的模型。最后,借本文的问题,探讨了设计启发式算法的方法。选择、设计了三种智能优化的启发式算法用于求解本文的双层模型。探讨了算法的参数配置的方法。根据各种算法的试算结果,对算法进行了改进方法的探讨。改进算法前,这三种算法找到最优解的几率很低。将群体总数增加后,找到最优解的比例增加的幅度不大。使用全局收敛的算法机制,在某些参数组合下图搜索蚁群算法找到最优解的比例可提高到75%。设计粒子群和图搜索蚁群算法的混合算法,该算法找到最优解和收敛的比例可达到90%～95%。
[Abstract]:Facing the double pressure of rapid city and rapid motorization, many city traffic congestion, energy consumption, a series of negative problems such as air pollution. In roads and limited energy resources, rational planning of road, road play potential, improve the efficiency of road traffic system is to solve the traffic congestion, one of the important measures of energy saving and emission reduction the road traffic system. To improve the efficiency of the first to solve the problem, analysis of the connotation of efficiency, efficiency analysis of the influencing factors. However, different subjects of the transportation system efficiency of understanding the definition of efficiency has not been unified. So the evaluation system is difficult to objectively the efficiency, which also makes the road traffic planning for efficiency the leading goal of management, it is difficult to carry out reasonable planning. All kinds of traffic of city road network, can give full play to the advantages of various modes of transportation. However, in recent years, the city road. Planning ideas to motor vehicles is dominant; planning method of slow road, is mostly for local regulation, rarely involved in slow or slow road, vehicle and road network planning methods. The whole thesis is based on the National Natural Science Fund Project "in the evolution of modern city road traffic system integration theory and design methods" (NO.51238008) and the national key basic research and development project plan (973 Plan) "cooperative mechanism and the coupling theory of transit oriented multi way traffic network" (NO.2012CB725400), the efficiency of city road traffic system and the efficiency goals of motor vehicles, slow road network planning and design methods. The whole thesis is divided into two a study on the efficiency of parts. The first part meaning of city road traffic system, establish an index system to evaluate the efficiency of the system; the second part of the traffic efficiency for the purpose of optimization Standard of vehicle, optimization design method of multi way slow road network, and establish the model, algorithm design to achieve the design method. The main work is divided into the following five aspects: first, the road traffic system is divided into the road system, traffic system, management control system of three parts. From reading for the initial definition of "efficiency", to classify various definitions of related transportation system efficiency and finishing, defines the efficiency of road traffic system, and summarizes the three implications of "efficiency". This paper mainly discusses the meaning of "efficiency" relationship between input and output of the road traffic system, and from the three part of the input system, the output perspective analysis of production process of traffic system in this kind of service products. Second, composed from three parts input and output angle, using analysis method and other methods of constructing road Road traffic system efficiency evaluation index system. Through the analysis, selection or design of each index in the index system, the definition of each index, quantification and classification. The expert questionnaire, the index weight is determined by using order relation method, application of evaluation index system by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Third, explore how to optimize the target select the network design problem, the efficiency of traffic system, residents travel time, vehicle fuel consumption and pollution emissions as the goal of optimization design in this paper. The road network analysis of China's mixed traffic characteristics, and according to the characteristics, put forward a motor vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian lane design method, a two-layer model for realizing the method. Function model type upper model is three goals. The lower level model of the Boyce is improved at the same time combined travel choice decisions of the demand forecasting model, which will be extended to multi way For other more general case of model is proved, and the design of the exact solution. Fourth, analysis of the three single target and target the multi-objective optimization scheme, and the scheme of the traffic structure. Although a smaller proportion of road design examples, different road network design optimization scheme the travel demand and the target value can still be correctly reflected, which proves the rationality of the design method. The demand forecasting model with independent traffic model, no additional cost factor model does not consider the additional cost condition model were compared. The model and travel survey data fitting degree is 0.659, obviously the situation is higher than other models. Finally, this paper discusses the problem of borrowing, method of heuristic design. Selection, design three kinds of heuristic intelligent optimization algorithm for solving the double The model is discussed. The method of parameter configuration algorithm. According to the test results of various algorithms, the algorithm of improved method. The improved algorithm, the three algorithms to find the optimal solution of the probability is very low. The total population will increase, find the optimal solution of the amplitude ratio increases. The algorithm using global convergence mechanism the combination of some parameters in the search of ant colony algorithm to find the optimal solution of the ratio can be increased to 75%. hybrid algorithm design and graph search particle swarm ant colony algorithm, the algorithm to find the optimal solution and convergence ratio can reach 90% to 95%.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
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本文编号：1380045